Telangana Assembly elections updates | 63.94% voter turnout recorded till 5 p.m.

BRS aims to retain power for a third time while the Congress is keen to upset the ruling party’s chances.

Updated - November 30, 2023 08:36 pm IST

Published - November 30, 2023 06:25 am IST

People line up to vote at a Maharshi Vidya Niketan, Begumpet polling station during the Assembly election in Hyderabad on November 30, 2023.

People line up to vote at a Maharshi Vidya Niketan, Begumpet polling station during the Assembly election in Hyderabad on November 30, 2023. | Photo Credit: K. V. S. Giri

Voters queued up on November 30 across Telangana to seal the fate of nearly 2,500 MLA aspirants in the polling being held for 119 Assembly segments in the state.

Chief Electoral Officer Vikas Raj told reporters polling was peaceful, except for minor skirmishes at one or two places.

Also read | High voltage Telangana poll campaign with twists and turns

In Bodhan Town in Nizamabad district, BRS and Congress leaders clashed prompting police intervention. In Khanapur village in Ibrahmipatnam constituency, police lathi charged the clashing BRS and Congress workers. Some party workers were detained and whisked away. 

Also read | Religion, caste and success stories in Telangana manifestoes

There are as many as 2,290 contestants in the fray which includes Chief Minister K. Chandrashekhar Rao, his Minister-son K.T. Rama Rao, State Congress president A. Revanth Reddy and BJP Lok Sabha members Bandi Sanjay Kumar and D. Arvind.

The ruling BRS has fielded candidates in all 119 seats. While, as per the seat-sharing agreement, BJP and actor Pawan Kalyan-headed Jana Sena Party are contesting in 111 and eight seats respectively, while Congress has given one seat to its ally CPI, and fighting from 118 others. Asaduddin Owaisi-led AIMIM has put up candidates from nine seats. 

(With inputs from Agencies)

Follow live updates here:

  • November 30, 2023 20:36
    Exit polls hint at Congress win

    All exit polls have hinted at the Congress party nearly coming to power in Telangana relegating the ruling BRS to the second place. 

    The BJP has been relegated to the third place in the exit polls with single digit seats while the MIM another major contender is shown as failing to retain its 2018 seats.

    Exit polls hint at Congress win in TS

  • November 30, 2023 19:44
    KTR rubbishes exit polls, exudes confidence of retaining power with over 70 seats

    Notwithstanding several exit polls indicating that Bharat Rashtra Samthi (BRS) is on its way out of power in Telangana, working president of the party K.T. Rama Rao exuded confidence that they are going to retain power with comfortable majority of over 70 out 119 seats in the Assembly. 

  • November 30, 2023 18:44
    63.94% voter turnout recorded till 5 p.m.

    Telangana recorded a voter turnout of 63.94% till 5 p.m. in the assembly polls for 119 seats, according to the Election Commission of India.

    According to the Election commission, Medak recorded a voter turnout of 80.28%, Mahabubabad at 77.50%, Adilabad at 73.58%, Hanumankonda at 62.46% and Hyderabad at 31.17% till 5 pm.

    Jangaon recorded 80.23% of voter turnout, while Kamareddy recorded 71%. The voter turnout in Khammam was recorded 73.77%, Nalgonda recorded 75.72%, Nizamabad at 68.30%, Sangareddy recorded 73.83% and Rangareddy recorded 53.03%. 

  • November 30, 2023 18:41
    A look at highest and lowest polling in the state

    As per the information from the Election Commission, here are the estimated poll percentage at 5 p.m.

    Top 3 highest poll percentage:

    Jangaon -> 83.34%

    Narsampet -> 83.00%

    Dubbak -> 82.75%

    Lowest poll percentage:

    Yakutpura -> 27.87%

    Nampally -> 32.40%

    Chandrayangutta -> 34.02

  • November 30, 2023 17:48
    Survey predicts Congress in the lead

    Aaraa pre-poll survey predicts 58-67 seats for the Congress and 41-49 for BRS. BJP may get 5-7 seats, with the remaining 7-9 going to others. 

  • November 30, 2023 17:36
    Polling ends at 5 p.m.

    Polling for Telangana Assembly Elections-2023 came to an end at 5 p.m. 

    Whoever were in the queues at polling stations will be allowed to exercise their franchise.

  • November 30, 2023 17:16
    Elderly woman suffers epileptic seizures at polling booth, dies

    In a tragic incident, a 78-year-old woman died after she reportedly suffered epileptic seizures at a polling booth in Adilabad district on Thursday afternoon.

  • November 30, 2023 17:14
    Voting percentage in Telangana

    Approximate voting percentage in Telangana at different intervals of time since today morning, as per the information from Election Commission

    9 a.m. -> 7.78%

    11 a.m. -> 20.64%

    1 p.m. -> 36.88%

    3 p.m. -> 51.89%

  • November 30, 2023 17:06
    Hyderabad’s roads wear a deserted look

    Busy arterial roads in Hyderabad were relatively deserted on Thursday as the polling for Telangana Assembly Elections-2023 is underway. A holiday was announced to the educational institutes, government offices and private offices too. 

    People who took to roads remarked that they were able to cover considerable distances within a relatively short span of time.

  • November 30, 2023 16:40
    Nampally candidate Majid Hussain detained
  • November 30, 2023 16:26
    BJP charges police of helping BRS, complains to EC

    Telangana BJP has appealed to the Election Commission of India (ECI) complaining about the state police being a ‘mute spectator’ to the various ‘electoral malpractices’ by the ruling BRS representatives during polling in various districts across the State on Thursday.

    State president and Union Minister for Tourism, Culture and Development of Northeast Region, G. Kishan Reddy, in his complaint, charged that the police was allowing the BRS leaders to move in groups of 100-200 people around the polling areas and when the BJP was objecting to the same, the party cadre was being ‘attacked’.

    - Telangana Bureau

    BJP charges police of helping BRS, complains to EC

  • November 30, 2023 16:21
    Medak records highest turnout at 69.33% till 3 p.m., Hyderabad sees lowest at 31.17%

    According to the Election commission, Medak district recorded a voter turnout of 69.33%, Mahabubabad at 65.05%, Adilabad at 62.34%, Hanumankonda at 49% and Hyderabad at 31.17% till 3 pm.

  • November 30, 2023 16:05
    CAR going to the garage due to tsunami of Congress: Revanth Reddy

    Telangana Congress president A. Revanth took a dig at the ruling BRS on Thursday and said “CAR is going to the garage due to the tsunami of Congress.”

    Earlier today, Mr. Reddy said the police of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana clashing at Nagarjuna Sagar just hours before the polling seems suspicious and people of Telangana were aware of who raked up the issue.

  • November 30, 2023 16:00
    EC cracked the whip on several occasions; seizures over ₹1760 crore made

    The Election Commission cracked its whip on several occasions to ensure a level playing field for all parties in the five states where assembly polls are being held even as authorities seized freebies, drugs, cash and liquor worth over ₹1766 crore aimed at alluring voters.

    It withdrew permission given to the Telangana government for disbursements of financial aid to farmers for rabi crops under the Rythu Bandhu Scheme after a State minister violated the provisions of the model code by making a public announcement about it. - PTI

  • November 30, 2023 15:49
    Telangana sees 51.89% voter turnout till 3 p.m.

    As of 3 p.m. on Thursday, 51.89% voter turnout has been registered in the Telangana Assembly elections, as per information from the ECI.

  • November 30, 2023 15:33
    Hyderabad City Police urge people to cast vote

    Hyderabad City police took to streets to encourage citizens to come out and vote. 

    A team from Bhavani Nagar police station in the south zone said, “I request everyone in the colony to exercise their franchise. Today is not a holiday, do not assume it to be a holiday and sleep at home. You will get good leaders, if you vote freely, and your problems will be resolved. I request you again to come out and vote. Yours, Hyderabad City police.”

  • November 30, 2023 15:16
    BRS complains to EC on Congress’ alleged use of ‘deepfake’ technology in campaigns

    The BRS in Telangana has lodged a complaint with the Election Commission (EC) against the Congress alleging that the party used ‘deepfake’ technology to create fabricated content, targeting BRS president K. Chandrasekhar Rao and other prominent party leaders and candidates contesting in the Assembly elections in the State.

    In the complaint addressed to the Chief Election Commissioner, Telangana Chief Electoral Officer and state DGP on Wednesday, the BRS said reliable sources have provided information indicating that the Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee (TPCC) was “involved” in the creation and dissemination of “fake audio and video” content through the use of ‘deepfake’ technology and artificial intelligence. - PTI

  • November 30, 2023 15:08
    Eateries, restaurants remain shut in western Hyderabad

    Gig workers or those into food, grocery delivery were far and few in the localities of western Hyderabad as most eateries, restaurants and commercial establishments remained closed for the Assembly elections on November 30.

    ea06d7d8-ecd7-48ce-8398-e71a8e38936f.jpg

    Image credit: N. Ravi Kumar

  • November 30, 2023 15:06
    EC officials inspect polling day surveillance at Command Control Centre

    Election Commission of India’s special observers for Hyderabad for the State Assembly elections - Special Police Observer Deepak Mishra and Special General Observer Ajay V. Naik, along with Hyderabad City police commissioner Sandeep Shandilya visit the TS – Integrated Command and Control Centre, Banjara Hills, to monitor election surveillance.

    Drone cameras and a network of 6000 CCTVs were deployed for surveillance today.

    40abc956-152f-4037-85b7-53baa9b316a4.jpg

    Credit: Special Arrangement

  • November 30, 2023 15:01
    Drones used in Nampally constituency to monitor polling

    Campaigning in the Nampally Assembly constituency was polarised with the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) and Congress trading barbs, over Congress candidate Feroz Khan reportedly describing a large chunk of the Muslim electorate as possessing a ‘Talibani’ and fanatical mindset.

  • November 30, 2023 14:48
    Election Commission reschedules timeline for exit polls

    The Election Commission of India (ECI) on November 30 rescheduled the timeline for publication of exit polls for the General Elections to the Legislative Assemblies of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, and Telangana.

    The Commission now stated that the prohibition to publicise the exit poll results will be till 5.30 p.m. on November 30.

    According to its October 31, 2023-notification, the ban was from 7 a.m. of November 7, the day Mizoram and Chhattisgarh went to polls, till 6.30 p.m. of November 30, the day Telangana polls conclude. However, it has now been advanced by an hour.

    Click here to read more...
  • November 30, 2023 14:46
    BRS candidate accused of poll code violation in Bellampalli constituency

    A picture of the ruling BRS candidate and the sitting MLA from Bellampalli, Durgam Chinnaiah wearing the party scarf inside a polling booth in Mancherial district went viral on social media.

    Sources said that Mr. Chinnaiah cast his vote at a polling booth in Jendavenkatapur village in Nennel mandal of Bellampalli constituency this morning.

    Click here to read more...
  • November 30, 2023 14:25
    Charminar closed for public in view of polling

    The Hyderabad city police officials have asked the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) Hyderabad Circle to close Charminar on November 30.

    The letter to the ASI said the in view of the Telangana State Assembly polling day on November 30, the monument has to remain closed.

    Click here to read more...
  • November 30, 2023 14:20
    IT corridor wore a deserted look

    A scene of a nearly empty stretch of IT corridor in Hyderabad that hosts campuses of Microsoft, Infosys, Wipro as well the premier B-school ISB.

    e6365038-85e6-4882-8821-5ecc2f8b591f.jpg

    Credit: N. Ravi Kumar

  • November 30, 2023 14:08
    Nearly 37% voter turnout till 1 p.m., polling peaceful: CEO

    Voters queued up in good numbers on Thursday across Telangana to seal the fate of nearly 2,500 MLA aspirants in the polling being held for 119 Assembly segments in the state, where the BRS aims to retain power for a third time while the Congress is keen to upset the ruling party’s chances.

    As of 1 p.m. on Thursday, 36.68% voters had cast their votes, Election Commission officials said.

    Chief Electoral Officer Vikas Raj told reporters polling was peaceful, except for minor skirmishes at one or two places. - PTI

  • November 30, 2023 14:06
    IT corridor wore a deserted look as major firms declare holiday
  • November 30, 2023 13:59
    Persons with disabilities queue up in Gujarathi School in Sanathnagar constituency
  • November 30, 2023 13:57
    Y. S. Sharmila casts vote

    Earlier in November, YSR Telangana Party president Y.S. Sharmila had announced that the party will not contest in the Telangana Assembly Elections-2023 and extended support to Congress party.

  • November 30, 2023 13:52
    Telangana CEO Vikas Raj says complaints received against Kavitha, other leaders

    Chief Electoral Officer Vikas Raj has said that his office received complaints against the Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS) MLC K. Kavitha and other political leaders, which have been referred to the DEO concerned seeking their reports.

    “Yes, we have received a complaint against Ms. Kavitha saying that she has violated the Model Code of Conduct. We have referred the complaint to the DEO concerned for a detailed report. We have also received complaints against other leaders also. All such complaints have been sent to the DEO’s for their reply,” he told reporters on November 30.

    Click here to read more...
  • November 30, 2023 13:51
    District-wise poll percentages as of 1 p.m.

    Nalgonda district (39.20%) with six Assembly constituencies – Nalgonda, Devarakonda, Miryalaguda, Munugode, Nakrekal, and Nagarajuna Sagar.

    Suryapet district (44.14%) with four ACs – Suryapet, Thungathurthy, Huzurnagar, and Kodad.

    Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri district (45%) with two ACs – Alair and Bhongir.

  • November 30, 2023 13:40
    Kavitha, daughter of CM Rao, cast her vote in Banjara Hills

    BRS Working President Rama Rao, his sister and party MLC K. Kavitha were among the early voters after polling began at 7 a.m. 

    “I sincerely request everybody in Telangana to come out and exercise their right. Because when you vote you have the right to question us. When you vote, you can hold the politicians accountable,” she said. - PTI

  • November 30, 2023 13:37
    Nagarjuna, Naga Chaitanya cast votes

    Actor-producer Nagarjuna Akkineni arrived with his wife and actor Amala Akkineni to cast their vote at the polling booth at Hyderabad Presidency College & P G Centre in Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad on Thursday.

    Actor Naga Chaitanya also arrived to cast his vote at the same polling booth.

  • November 30, 2023 13:30
    Haryana Governor Bandaru Dattatraya casts vote

    Governor of Haryana, Bandaru Dattatraya, along with family members cast his vote for Telangana Legislative Assembly on Thursday at polling station No. 232 JV Hgh School, Ramnagar, Hyderabad.

    WhatsApp Image 2023-11-30 at 1.25.58 PM.jpeg

    Credit: Special Arrangement

  • November 30, 2023 13:28
    Actor Vijay Devarakonda casts vote at Jubilee Hills in Hyderabad

    WhatsApp Image 2023-11-30 at 1.23.20 PM.jpeg

    Image credit: K. V. S. Giri

  • November 30, 2023 13:13
    K. Chandrasekhar Rao casts vote in Chintamadaka
  • November 30, 2023 13:04
    In Talabkatta, police use mild force to disperse people from areas close to polling booths
  • November 30, 2023 12:51
    Voters outside Govt. Primary School in Charminar Assembly
  • November 30, 2023 12:50
    Karimnagar MP Bandi Sanjay casts vote
  • November 30, 2023 12:49
    KCR, wife cast vote in Chintamadaka

    Chief Minister and BRS President K. Chandrashekhar Rao flew down to Chintamadaka in Siddipet district to cast his vote on November 30 for Telangana Assembly polls. 

    Accompanied by wife Shoba, Mr. Rao escorted by Finance Minister T. Harish Rao reached the local polling booth to cast their vote.

    Click here to read more...
  • November 30, 2023 12:14
    20.64% voter turnout till 11 a.m.

    Telangana recorded a voter turnout of 20.64% till 11 a.m. in the Assembly polls that is currently underway for 119 seats, according to the Election Commission of India.

    Long queues were seen outside the polling stations in towns and rural parts of Telangana since early morning. However, several polling booths across the State witnessed wafer-thin turnout.

  • November 30, 2023 12:10
    Voters in Ghatkesar village talk about polling arrangements
  • November 30, 2023 12:09
    Charminar and Laad Bazaar are eerily quiet

    Most shopping areas wore a deserted look on Thursday afternoon as voting got underway for the Telangana Legislative Assembly Elections.

  • November 30, 2023 12:06
    Poll percentage in Hyderabad till 11. 24 am

    99626b95-161d-4131-acaa-538bf7f87519.jpg

    Credit: Telangana Bureau

  • November 30, 2023 11:55
    G. Kishan Reddy casts vote in Kachiguda
  • November 30, 2023 11:44
    Voter turnout in Kulsumpura of Karwan Assembly yet to pick up

    The voter turnout is yet to pick up at Kulsumpura segment of Karwan Assembly constituency. Till 11 a.m., Karwan registered a turnout of 20.15%.

    920dc04d-ae09-476a-b4ba-f9bafc0ec307.jpg

    Credit: Serish Nanisetti

  • November 30, 2023 11:31
    BRS leader T. Harish Rao, his family members cast vote
  • November 30, 2023 11:28
    Polling percentage picks up in rural side of Telangana

    About 120 kms from Hyderabad, Nalgonda district, as of 11 a.m. recorded an average 22.74% polling.

    Devarakonda (ST) Assembly constituency registers a maximum 27.23%. Munugode (25.20), Nagarjuna Sagar (22.98), Nakrekal (SC) (22.10), Miryalaguda (21.06), and Nalgonda (17.60). 

    - Telangana Bureau

  • November 30, 2023 11:21
    Long queue at Govt Primary School Bazaar-e-Ghansi polling booth

    46f29d62-6e8c-4c49-8e08-cc255a0b6330.jpg

    Image credit: Syed Mohammed

  • November 30, 2023 11:12
    Young women cast vote in Hyderabad

    Young women voters show their finger marked with indelible ink after casting vote during the Assembly elections in Hyderabad on Thursday. 

    WhatsApp Image 2023-11-30 at 11.03.08 AM.jpeg

    Photo: K. V. S. Giri

  • November 30, 2023 11:10
    Here’s what first time voter from Charminar has to say:
  • November 30, 2023 11:01
    Transgender persons vote in the temple town of Vemulawada
  • November 30, 2023 10:57
    Chief Secretary A. Santhi Kumari casts vote
  • November 30, 2023 10:53
    Voter turnout is picking up

    From a sedate start at many places, the turnout in the Assembly polls in Telangana is picking up. A scene of people waiting for their turn outside a booth in Gachibowli, Hyderabad.

    4ffb612a-9099-492f-8285-c486062abdf9.jpg

    Image credit: N. Ravi Kumar

  • November 30, 2023 10:46
    Asaduddin Owaisi casts vote in Rajendranagar
  • November 30, 2023 10:41
    Voter finds no mention of name in voter list in Secunderabad Cantonment

    Panduranga Raju, a resident of Ishaq Colony, Karkhana did not find his name in the voter list. After reaching the polling station (Gandhian High School, Secunderabad Cantonment), he found no mention of his name in the list.

  • November 30, 2023 10:38
    People queue up to vote at a polling station in Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Public School
  • November 30, 2023 10:38
    Long queues outside booths in towns and rural parts as polling begins

    Long queues were seen outside the polling stations in towns and rural parts of Telangana since early this morning as the polling for the State Assembly Elections-2023 began on Thursday.

    Enthusiastic response was seen across the rural parts and towns as people came in large numbers to cast their votes. Reports from Sangareddy district suggested good turnout even as several medicos of Mamatha Medical College in Khammam Town, many of them first time voters, were seen waiting in queue to cast their vote.

    Click here to read more...
  • November 30, 2023 10:33
    A scuffle broke out between groups of workers of Congress, BJP and BRS at a polling station in Jangaon

    Tension prevailed at Booth number 244 in Jangaon constituency, when the BRS-Congress-BJP clashed. Police had to resort to cane charge to disperse the cadres. 

  • November 30, 2023 10:31
    Voter turnout is yet to pick up at some polling stations
  • November 30, 2023 10:08
    8.52% voter turnout recorded till 9 a.m.
  • November 30, 2023 10:03
    People jostled to get into buses at Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station in Hyderabad
  • November 30, 2023 10:03
    Actor Venkatesh Daggubati at the Presidency Degree and PG College in Rajendranagar constituency after casting his vote
  • November 30, 2023 09:54
    BRS MLA K.T. Rama Rao and wife Shailima arrive at a polling booth in Banjara Hills
  • November 30, 2023 09:25
    Telangana Congress chief Revanth Reddy arrives at a polling booth
  • November 30, 2023 09:09
    AIMIM chief Asaduddin Owaisi casts his vote in Hyderabad
  • November 30, 2023 09:02
    Former Union Minister and actor Chiranjeevi along with family members at a polling station in Jubilee Hills
  • November 30, 2023 08:48
    Cyberabad police gear up for polls with massive security deployment

    Police officials from the Cyberabad Commissionerate, which has 3,202 polling stations covering 1,191 polling locations, said that they have made adequate bandobast and security arrangements to ensure peaceful conduct of elections.

    Cyberabad Police chief M.Stephen Raveendra said that the commissionerate covers 13 Assembly constituencies under four districts, including Rangareddy, Medchal, Sangareddy and part of Hyderabad with a total of 34,42,219 voters.

    Read more here
  • November 30, 2023 08:31
    Former cricketer and Congress MLA Mohammad Azharuddin casts his vote
  • November 30, 2023 08:31
    Actor Chiranjeevi arrives with his family to cast his vote in Jubilee Hills
  • November 30, 2023 08:08
    A specially-abled person arrives in Vattepally to cast his vote
  • November 30, 2023 08:07
    You can check the details of the queue status for 15 constituencies in Hyderabad using this link below
  • November 30, 2023 07:59
    State’s Chief Electoral Officer Vikas Raj casts his vote in S.R. Nagar
  • November 30, 2023 07:58
    Voting halted at Booth No. 253 due to a malfunction of the EVM machine
  • November 30, 2023 07:45
    Union Minister and Telangana BJP chief G. Kishan Reddy steps out to cast his vote at Barkatpura polling booth
  • November 30, 2023 07:44
    Jr NTR arrives at a polling booth to cast his vote
  • November 30, 2023 07:35
    Actor Allu Arjun arrives in Jubilee Hills in Hyderabad to cast his vote
  • November 30, 2023 07:23
    A senior citizen casts her vote at a polling booth in Kamareddy
  • November 30, 2023 07:20
    BRS leader Kavitha Kalvakuntla steps out to cast her vote
  • November 30, 2023 07:13
    Visuals of security from outside of a school in Hyderabad
  • November 30, 2023 07:11
    Voting begins in Telangana
  • November 30, 2023 07:08
    Voters wait in queue at MPPS Government High School in Erraboda in Rajendranagar constituency minutes before polling begins

    WhatsApp Image 2023-11-30 at 07.00.25.jpeg

    📸: Serish Nanisetti

  • November 30, 2023 07:06
    Analysis | Bloodline and ballot: when family ties cut through party lines

    At least 20 leading candidates with dynastic legacy are in the fray and these dynasty ties are not limited to one party. Some family ties overflow to the other parties as well. From fathers to sons and daughters, from uncles to nephews and nieces, politics is a ‘relative’ matter for many families in Telangana. 

    Read here to learn how corridors of power in Telangana have often echoed with the footsteps of successive generations, shaping the State’s political landscape

  • November 30, 2023 07:02
    Rise in number of urban voters in Telangana presents a challenge to political parties

    The push of urbanisation in Telangana, especially the western part of Hyderabad, continues apace with Assembly constituencies in the peripheral areas showing a huge spike in the number of voters, the Election Commission of India data shows.

    Read more here on why urban electors present a unique challenge to political parties due to well-known ‘voter apathy’.

  • November 30, 2023 06:47
    Analysis | BJP may force three-cornered contests in a third of Telangana seats; direct BRS-Congress battles in most of the rest

    Telangana is likely to see a three-cornered contest in a third of its constituencies, while the ruling Bharat Rashtra Samiti (BRS) and the Congress seem to be in a direct fight in the rest, despite the presence of other national parties.

    Read an analysis of the final candidate list that shows that the BJP is making its presence felt in 40 out of 119 Assembly seats, while the Communist parties, BSP, and AIMIM may also split the votes in some seats.

  • November 30, 2023 06:44
    Analysis | Religion, caste and success stories in Telangana manifestoes

    In an election season where sops are the key in Telangana for Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS) and Indian National Congress (INC), the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has added an ingredient of religion.

    As the State goes to vote today, read more here on what these parties have promised in their manifestos.

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