Australia’s Prime Minister Scott Morrison said on Tuesday the country is set to reduce emissions by 35% below 2005 levels by 2030, but he won't commit to such a target at the U.N. climate conference in Scotland .
Mr. Morrison said his government would stick with Australia's current 2030 target of reducing emissions by 26% to 28% below 2005 levels. The targets were adopted at the Paris climate conference in 2015 and are relatively modest compared to other wealthy countries' ambitions.
"We will beat it with emissions reductions we believe of up to 35% and we may even achieve better,” Mr. Morrison said.
Australia had already reduced emissions by more than 20% from 2005 levels, he said.
The country will commit to a target of net zero carbon emissions by 2050 at the Glasgow conference.
Climate experts say achieving that goal would need far tougher measures than the government is currently proposing.
Mr. Morrison’s conservative Liberal Party-led government was narrowly re-elected in 2019 with a climate policy that opposed the 2050 net zero target adopted by the opposition center-left Labor Party.
Australia is one of the world’s largest exporters of coal and liquified natural gas. Mr. Morrison said his net zero plan would not shut down Australia's coal or gas production or increases costs to households and businesses.
"It is not a revolution but a careful evolution to take advantage of changes in our markets,” Mr. Morrison said.
The government expected existing technologies would take Australia 85% of the way toward net zero and emerging technologies would achieve the remainder.
Policy levers include investment in technologies and incentives. At least 20 billion Australian dollars ($15 billion) would be invested in low-emissions technology by 2030.
Mr. Morrison was a Cabinet minister in 2014 when a newly-elected government repealed Australia's two-year-old carbon tax. Government climate policies since have rejected any measures that would make polluters pay for their emissions.
The government has yet to release economic and climate modeling behind the plan.
Getting to the net zero commitment took political wrangling on the part of Mr. Morrison’s ruling party, including winning the support of a rural-based junior coalition member — the Nationals party — with a number of concessions.
The conditions also include a government review every five years of the economic impacts of the net zero target outside major cities. The first assessment would be delivered in 2023.
Finance Minister Simon Birmingham described the reviews as a “health check” on how various parts of Australia were being effected by the transition to net zero.
“What it will do is focus the minds of the government of the day very clearly on where additional investments may be necessary to help ensure the transition,” Mr. Birmingham said.
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who will host the upcoming summit in Glasgow, known as COP26, congratulated Australia on its net zero ambition.
“That was very difficult for Australia because Australia’s very heavily dependent on coal, on lots of carbon-producing industries, and they’ve done a heroic thing,” Mr. Johnson said, referring to the 2050 commitment.
However Australia is likely to be criticized in Glasgow for its relatively weak 2030 target. The United States has committed to reductions of between 50% and 52% below 2005 levels. Britain has pledged to cut emissions by 68% below 1990 levels.
