The city of Pittsburgh, the one-time steel capital that’s long been a symbol of Rust-Belt decline, is emerging as a vibrant hub for artificial intelligence, robotics and biomedical companies eager to tap a rich talent pool.
Yet, the resulting economic renaissance is leaving many locals uneasy — a symbol in its own right of the nation’s mounting concerns about the success of high-tech industries and their effect on wages and jobs.
At a conference in Pittsburgh last month showcasing new technology companies, Mayor Bill Peduto cautioned the city to avoid the “precarious position” of Silicon Valley, where an explosion of tech wealth has left many people behind.
“It’s at the front of everyone’s brain,” Mr. Peduto said. In 2014, the number of Pittsburgh-area private-sector jobs in the scientific and R&D sectors — excluding academic positions — for the first time exceeded those in iron and steel mills, which were the lifeblood of the economy until their collapse 30 years ago. As of March 2018, there were 41% more jobs in R&D than in the mills, according to the Pennsylvania Center for Workforce Information and Analysis.
Benefits of the tech boom have been limited. Around Allegheny County, where steel and natural gas industries still provide an important, albeit declining number of jobs, about 12% of the population still lives in poverty. Pittsburgh’s angst comes as new tech replaces old industry, offering the biggest economic opportunity since the first steel mills opened at the end of the 19th century, but with no assurances of who will benefit.
Glorious past
The United States Steel Corp building still sits downtown, among the constant reminders of a glorious economic past that gave way to despair 30 years ago. Many neighbourhoods are still pockmarked by long-abandoned warehouses and decrepit homes, and the population of 3,02,000 is less than half what it was in the 1950s. A number of once-wealthy U.S. manufacturing cities, most notably Detroit, have experienced a similar fate.
Pockets of Pittsburgh now resemble a small-scale Silicon Valley, humming with fast-growing tech businesses that have attracted billions of dollars in private financing and young professionals commanding six-figure salaries. The city is a finalist for Amazon.com Inc.’s second headquarters. Much of the new activity springs directly from the artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies pioneered at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh, premiere academic institutions that have helped anchor the city through its industrial decline.
Carnegie Mellon faculty and students have been building self-driving car technology for decades, but only in the last few years has it become an industry. “A lot of this has been research lab work that were concepts and dreams that are now getting to reality and giving people career opportunities,” said Peter Rander, president of Pittsburgh self-driving car firm Argo AI. Twenty-three start-ups came out of the University of Pittsburgh in the last fiscal year, a record for the third straight year.
