Four days before a tsunami devastated a Japanese nuclear plant, its operator promised a fuller assessment of the risk of such a disaster but not for seven months.
The disclosure in a three-page briefing paper obtained by The Associated Press raises questions about whether the utility and regulators were too complacent about studies that suggested a tsunami could overwhelm the defenses at the 40-year-old Fukushima Dai-ichi plant.
It also highlights Japan's slow pace of decision-making on an issue that experts had been warning about for at least 20 months.
The price
“If they had made the decision earlier, then they could have been prepared on March 11,” said Hideyuki Hirakawa, an Osaka University expert on governance and the sciences. “There is absolutely nothing you can do in four days.”
On March 11, 2011, a 9.0-magnitude offshore earthquake triggered a tsunami that killed about 19,000 people along Japan's northeastern coast. The surge of water knocked out power at the coastal Fukushima plant, leading to the worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl. Tokyo Electric Power Co. presented the briefing paper at a meeting with Japan's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency on March 7.
The paper summarized studies that suggested a tsunami as high as 33 feet (10 metres) might hit the plant, much higher than the 20-foot (six-metre) surge it had been designed to withstand. The actual tsunami was even higher — 45 feet (14 metres).
TEPCO, as the Tokyo-based utility is commonly known, said it would review tsunami preparedness at all its plants by mid-April and present a new assessment of the Fukushima plant by October dates listed on the bottom of the first page under “plans for the future.”
Masaru Kobayashi, who heads the agency's earthquake-safety section, said he saw the estimates for the first time at the March 7 meeting. “I told them that a speedy response was necessary, if these numbers are true,” he said.
But TEPCO spokeswoman Ai Tanaka noted that the government did not order any immediate action. “None of the findings were conclusive,” she added.
The report cited 2010 research at the government's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology as saying that two to three more years would be needed to reassess the tsunami risks for northeastern Japan.
As early as June 2009, Yukinobu Okamura, a tsunami expert at the same government institute, warned about the need to look more closely at new evidence that a major tsunami called Jogan had hit North-eastern Japan in the 9th Century.
Flawed safety
In a related development, Haruki Madarame Japan's nuclear safety chief said the country's regulations are flawed, outdated and below global standards and he was apologizing for their failure to provide better protection. He admitted that Japanese safety requirements such as for tsunami and power losses were too loose. Many officials have looked the other way and tried to avoid changes.
Madarame spoke Wednesday at an inquiry investigating the meltdowns at the Fukushima Dai-ichi plant caused by the March 11 earthquake and tsunami. — AP
