An independent report into the leak of hundreds of e-mails from one of the world’s leading climate research centres on Wednesday largely vindicated the scientists involved, saying they acted honestly and that their research was reliable.
But the panel of inquiry, led by former U.K. civil servant Muir Russell, did chide scientists at the University of East Anglia’s Climatic Research Unit for failing to share their data with critics.
“We find that their rigour and honesty as scientists are not in doubt,” Mr. Russell said. “But we do find that there has been a consistent pattern of failing to display the proper degree of openness.”
Mr. Russell’s inquiry is the third major investigation into the theft and dissemination of more than 1,000 e-mails taken from a back-up server at the university.
They caused a sensation when they were published online in November. They captured researchers speaking in scathing terms about their critics, discussing ways to stonewall sceptics of man-made climate change, and talking about how to freeze opponents out of peer-reviewed journals.
The ensuing scandal energised sceptics and destabilised the U.N. climate change conference at Copenhagen. The research centre’s chief, Phil Jones, stepped down while Mr. Russell, a former vice-chancellor of the University of Glasgow in Scotland, was brought in to investigate.
Mr. Russell’s carefully-worded report said there was no evidence Mr. Jones had destroyed evidence that he knew critics were seeking under the Freedom of Information Act. But it did say he had pushed colleagues to delete e-mails that he thought might provide ammunition to sceptics.
It also criticised the university for being “unhelpful” in dealing with Freedom of Information Act requests — an issue Britain’s data-protection watchdog has already flagged.
The inquiry also revisited the now infamous e-mail exchange between Mr. Jones and a colleague in which the climatologist refers to a “trick” used to “hide the decline” in a variable used to track global temperatures.
Some sceptics took that as proof that scientists were faking global temperature trends. Mr. Russell’s report rejected that conclusion, but did say that the resulting graph — which graced the front cover of the World Meteorological Organisation’s 1999 report on climate change — was “misleading” because it wasn’t explicit enough about the way in which the underlying data had been chopped and spliced together.
Finally, the report largely forgave the intemperate language in many of the e-mails. Exchanges widely reported in the media had one scientist cheering the death of a prominent sceptic and another jokingly referring to the possibility of taking out a mafia hit on a colleague.
Mr. Russell said the extreme comments and jokes were typical of e-mail communications — and understandable given the politicised nature of climate research.
University of East Anglia Vice-Chancellor Edward Acton dismissed concerns about possible deleted e-mails, saying that the report had “completely exonerated” Mr. Jones, who would now return to the Climatic Research Unit as director of research — a new position that Mr. Acton said would free him from administrative duties.
Mr. Acton also said the university has since overhauled the way it dealt with requests for data.
Mr. Russell’s report follows a British parliamentary inquiry that largely backed the scientists involved and another independent investigation that gave a clean bill of health to the science itself.
The reports have been criticised by sceptics who alleged they were incomplete or biased.
It has been difficult to gauge the impact of the scandal, which played widely in the British and U.S. media. In Britain, there is some evidence that public concern over global warming has been diluted, although not by much.
An Ipsos-MORI poll published last month suggested that 78 per cent of Britons believed that the world’s climate was changing, compared with 91 per cent five years earlier. Seventy one per cent of respondents expressed concern about global warming, versus 82 per cent in 2005. The pollster surveyed 1,822 people aged 15 and over in interviews between January and March 2010.
Some scientists have said the scandal has made it impossible for researchers to hide data from their critics and pushed those who do believe in the dangers of man-made global warming to be more vocal about their doubts.
“The release of the e-mails was a turning point, a game-changer,” Mike Hulme, a professor of climate change at the University of East Anglia, told The Guardian newspaper before the Russell report was released. “Already there is a new tone. Researchers are more upfront, open and explicit about their uncertainties, for instance.”
Bob Ward, the policy director of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change at the London School of Economics, agreed that openness was the now order of the day.
“There is a need to re-establish trust,” he said.
