With the introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) — India’s biggest reform in the tax structure — the government has succeeded in moving a step closer towards making the country a unified common market, leading the nation’s economy towards growth and sustainability.
India’s fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector has grown consistently over the past three years, reaching over $25 billion in retail sales. We believe that the implementation of GST and the opening of foreign direct investment (FDI), especially in the food processing, has enabled the growth of the industry and raised market potential to grow over 12-13% percent in 2018.
The agricultural sector continues to remain the largest contributing sector to the GDP with a share of 16%. The onset of GST in the sector is encouraging industry players/stakeholders to go beyond the boundaries of cities and States and create one-of-a-kind national market for agricultural goods with a clear and hassle-free supply chain which would lead to the free movement of agri-commodities across India.
Further, the promotion of the National Agriculture Market (NAM) by the Centre in accordance with the GST has created scope for increased transparency and impartial trade of agri-commodities without the restrictions of multiple taxation.
Agricultural produce
Considering the perishable nature of the agri-commodities, improved supply chain mechanism due to GST would re-write the scope of profitability for farmers.
With the exemption on GST on storage and warehousing of agricultural produce, the new tax regime has reduced the tax burden on the farming sector and created an opportunity for farmers to sell the produce at the best available price in the Indian market without State barriers and reduce the imminent storage-related food loss, that goes a long way in helping realise the government’s vision to double farmer incomes.
Due to the nature of GST being a consumption-based tax, it will be levied only when food products are sold by the manufacturer and not when they are manufactured unlike the earlier imposed excise duty. In addition, full input credit allowed of prior GST paid on inputs/purchases and the decision of the government to drop the 1% interstate tax on stock transfers has reduced the amount of working capital required by companies.
Doubling tax burden
However, the application of GST to agri-commodities will have a significant impact on the population that lives under the subsistence level.
While food, including grains and cereals, meat, fish and poultry, milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables, candy and confectionery, snacks and restaurant meals currently come under the purview of GST, the earlier exemption of food from CENVAT and the 4% VAT on food items highlight the doubling of tax burden on the food sector due to GST.
While large corporates in the agri-processing sector have begun to adapt to the new regime, the grassroot players are still adversely impacted. While most agri-warehousing companies rent warehouses from small owners of the property, a majority of such owners remain unregistered suppliers.
However, such renting of warehouses by agencies engaged in providing storage and warehousing services is liable to GST under a reverse charge at the rate of 18%.The GST paid thus is not eligible for input tax credit (ITC), as the corresponding outward supply of warehousing service is exempted from GST.
Since the majority of warehouses managed by private companies are leased ones, the above situation implies an 18% increase in the cost of warehousing and defeats the very purpose of GST exemption for storage of agricultural produce.
The tax burden will inevitably be passed on to farmers in the form of higher price for storing goods in the absence of any viable alternative for warehouse agencies, thereby increasing the cost of the food produce.
With India’s food wastage pegged at approximately ₹30,000 crore and the rate of food inflation being pegged at 6%, it is necessary for the industry to stress upon the importance on reduced taxation for processed food by the government. The GST rates on food consumed by the common man should be subject to the lowest rates to ensure that there is reduced impact of inflation on the household budget of the common man.
Another challenge lies ahead for companies engaged in the creation of modern agriculture storage infrastructure like silos and cold storages.
Earlier, imports of project equipment used to create facilities to store agriculture commodities — like mechanised handling systems and pallet racking systems — attracted only a basic customs duty of 5% and were specifically exempt from countervailing duty and special additional duty.
Exemption denied
The same exemption has not been extended under GST. These imports now attract 18% IGST coupled with the existing 5% basic customs duty, resulting in a spike in the cost of imported machinery.
This deters the creation of modern agri-infrastructure, thereby defeating the purpose of extending exemption to storage of agricultural produce. Exemption should be extended for project imports of cold chain equipment when used for providing storage and warehousing services of agricultural produce, which is exempted from GST to avoid an increase in the cost of storage of items of mass consumption. Unless corrective measures are immediately enforced to address these issues, farmers will see a rise in storage costs and the burden on the supply chain will eventually increase, thereby affecting consumers.
(The writer is Chairman, Agriculture & Food Processing Task Force, CII Southern Region and President, Danfoss Industries Pvt. Ltd.)
Published - December 16, 2018 10:43 pm IST
