Spiders’ web code cracked

A spider and its intricate web are covered in early morning dew in the Eastern Ghats' Araku Valley. Photo: K.R. Deepak

A new study has suggested that spiders build intricate patterns into their webs to protect them from damage.

A team from the University of Melbourne found that orb-weaving spiders respond to severe damage to their webs by building bigger silk crosses, but if the damage is mild they don’t bother adding extra decoration.

Professor Mark Elgar, who led the research, said web damage is costly for spiders as a lot of nutritional resources are required to rebuild a web.

“So they evolved this ingenious way to minimise unwanted damage,” he said. “It’s much like we mark glass windows with tape to prevent people walking into them.”

For their research, the team collected a group of orb-weaving spiders and left them to build their webs in the laboratory.

Some of the completed webs were severely damaged, others lightly damaged and the remainder left alone. The response of the spiders was then observed.

“The fact that spiders increased their decorating activity in response to severe damage but didn’t increase their decorating following light damage suggests that the conspicuous building of silk crosses serves to make webs more visible to animals that might accidentally walk or fly into them,” Professor Elgar said.

Adding silk decorations to spiders’ orb-webs was first reported over a century ago but why these spiders decorate their webs has been the topic of controversial debate for decades.

“Our study helps unravel this mystery,” Professor Elgar said.

The study was published in Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology.