Scientists have detected mysterious bursts of radio waves originating from cosmological distances when the universe was just half its current age.
Mysterious bursts of radio waves originating from billions of light years away have left the international team of scientists speculating about their origins.
The burst energetics indicate that they originate from an extreme astrophysical event involving relativistic objects such as neutron stars or black holes.
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Study lead Dan Thornton, a PhD student at England’s University of Manchester and Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, said the findings pointed to some extreme events involving large amounts of mass or energy as the source of the radio bursts.
“A single burst of radio emission of unknown origin was detected outside our galaxy about six years ago but no one was certain what it was or even if it was real, so we have spent the last four years searching for more of these explosive, short-duration radio bursts.
“This paper describes four more bursts, removing any doubt that they are real. The radio bursts last for just a few milliseconds and the furthest one that we detected was several billion light years away,” he said.
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Astonishingly, the findings — taken from a tiny fraction of the sky — also suggest that there should be one of these signals going off every 10 seconds.
“The bursts last only a tenth of the blink of an eye. With current telescopes we need to be lucky to look at the right spot at the right time. But if we could view the sky with ’radio eyes’ there would be flashes going off all over the sky every day,” Max-Planck Institute Director, co-author and Manchester professor, Michael Kramer, said.
The team, which included researchers from the U.K., Germany, Italy, Australia and the U.S., used the CSIRO Parkes 64 metre radio telescope in Australia to obtain their results.
Author Professor Matthew Bailes, from the Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, thinks the origin of these explosive bursts may be from magnetic neutron stars, known as magnetars.
“Magnetars can give off more energy in a millisecond than our Sun does in 300,000 years and are a leading candidate for the burst,” said Prof. Bailes.
The researchers say their results will also provide a way of finding out the properties of space between the Earth and where the bursts occurred.
“We are still not sure about what makes up the space between galaxies, so we will be able to use these radio bursts like probes in order to understand more about some of the missing matter in the Universe,” Dr. Ben Stappers, another author from Manchester’s School of Physics and Astronomy, said.