Scientists have discovered a type of an ancient space rock never before found on Earth, in Sweden, and said that a shower of such meteorites may have led to the evolution of more diverse and complex life forms on our planet.
“In our entire civilisation, we have collected over 50,000 meteorites, and no one has seen anything like this one before,” said Qing-zhu Yin, professor at the University of California, Davis.
The meteorite, called Ost 65, appears to be from the missing partner in a massive asteroid collision 470 million years ago, researchers said.
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The collision sent debris falling to Earth for about a million years and may have influenced a great diversification of life in the Ordovician Period.
One of the objects involved in this collision was the source of L-chondrites, still the most common type of meteorite. However, the identity of the object that hit it has been a mystery.
Ost 65 was discovered in Sweden’s Thorsberg quarry, source of more than 100 fossil meteorites.
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Measuring just under 4 inches wide, it looks like a grey cow patty plopped into a pristine layer of fossil-rich pink limestone.
The Ost 65 rock is called a fossil meteorite because the original rock is almost completely altered except for a few hardy minerals — spinels and chromite, researchers said.
Analyses of chromium and oxygen isotopes in the surviving minerals allowed the researchers to conclude the Ost 65 meteorite is chemically distinct from all known meteorite types.
By measuring how long Ost 65 was exposed to cosmic rays, the team established that it travelled in space for about a million years before it fell to Earth 470 million years ago.
This timeline matches up with L-chondrite meteorites found in the quarry, leading the researchers to suggest the rock is a fragment of the other object from the Ordovician collision.
The original object may have been destroyed during the collision, but it is also possible that the remains are still out in space.
Researchers think that about 100 times as many meteorites slammed into Earth during the Ordovician compared with today, thanks to the massive collision in the asteroid belt.
This rain of meteorites may have opened new environmental niches for organisms, thus boosting both the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. “I think this shows the interconnectedness of the entire solar system in space and time, that a random collision 470 million years ago in the asteroid belt could dictate the evolutionary path of species here on Earth,” Yin said.
The new findings strengthen suspicions that more recent meteorite falls on Earth do not represent the full range of rocks drifting through the solar system.
The research was published in the journal Nature Communications.