Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad (IIT-H) have derived collagen from waste eel skin and shown that tissue scaffolds built using such collagen allow growth and proliferation of stem cells.
Promising alternative
The practical applications of this research can lead to utilising eel fish skin-derived collagen as a promising alternative to animal-derived collagen, which are expensive and associated with pathological diseases.
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The researchers believe that sustainable utilisation of marine discarded eel skin derived-collagen for biomedical application would boost Indian ‘blue’ bioeconomic growth and help in the development of an alternate industry that converts waste into useful products.
The research, funded by Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB), Government of India, through the National Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme (N-PDF) was led by Mano Govindharaj, Young Scientist Fellow and Subha Narayan Rath, associate professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT-H, and included research scholar Uday Kiran Roopavath.
The team’s research was published recently in the reputed peer-reviewed Journal of Cleaner Production.
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‘A valuable asset’
“Our team’s finding is a valuable asset in the area of ‘blue’ biotechnology. The colour ‘blue’ in biotechnology is assigned to the development of technology on the basis of aquaculture, coastal and marine biology. Our research group at IIT-H uses a common marine waste product for producing collagen, a biomaterial that is extensively used in tissue engineering,” said Dr. Mano Govindharaj.
Check on diseases
Low immunogenicity, porous structure, good permeability, biocompatibility and biodegradability make collagen scaffolds useful in tissue engineering applications. Collagen is usually extracted from bovine skin and tendons, porcine skin and rat tail.
Such sources are associated with several problems such as the spread of diseases like mad-cow disease and religious constraints of using certain animals. Extraction of collagen from non-mammalian sources is therefore attractive.
“We have explored the valorisation of commoditised discarded marine eel skin to develop value added collagen-based blue biomaterials. The advantages of this extraction process are two-fold. Not only does it serve to provide a sustainable and safe source for collagen but also helps in waste management. Eel skin and fish skin wastes are commonly discarded in coastal areas, or even disposed of in the sea, which leads to a cascade of events due to breakdown of organic matter and reduction of oxygen levels in sea water,” said Prof. Rath.
The research team derived collagen from eel skin by treating it with acetic acid, common salt and pepsin. The researchers then combined the collagen with alginate hydrogel and used a 3D printing process to obtain scaffolds.
When the scaffolds were tested for stem cell growth and proliferation, the researchers found that the 3D printed collagen scaffolds allowed extensive growth of stem cells, thus making eel-skin derived collagen a promising material for tissue engineering applications.