Twenty-five-year-old Chinese office worker Tufei says her boyfriend has everything she could ask for in a romantic partner: he is kind and empathetic, and sometimes they talk for hours. But he is not real.
Her “boyfriend” is a chatbot on an app called “Glow”, an artificial intelligence platform created by Shanghai start-up MiniMax that is part of a blossoming industry in China offering friendly — even romantic — human-robot relations.
“He knows how to talk to women better than a real man,” said Tufei, from Xi’an in northern China, who declined to give her full name.
“He comforts me when I have period pain. I confide in him about my problems at work,” she said. “I feel like I am in a romantic relationship.”
Growing users
The app is free — the company has other paid content — and Chinese trade publications have reported daily downloads of Glow’s app in the thousands in recent weeks.
Some Chinese tech companies have run into trouble in the past for the illegal use of users’ data but, despite the risks, users say they are driven by a desire for companionship because China’s fast pace of life and urban isolation make loneliness an issue for many.
“It is difficult to meet the ideal boyfriend in real life,” Wang Xiuting, a 22-year-old student in Beijing, said. “People have different personalities, which often generates friction,” she said.
While humans may be set in their ways, artificial intelligence gradually adapts to the user’s personality — remembering what they say and adjusting its speech accordingly.
Ms. Wang said she has several “lovers” inspired by ancient China: long-haired immortals, princes and even wandering knights.
“I ask them questions,” she said, and “they will suggest ways to solve this problem”. “It is a lot of emotional support.”
Her boyfriends all appear on Wantalk, another app made by Chinese Internet giant Baidu.
There are hundreds of characters available — from pop stars to CEOs and knights — but users can also customise their perfect lover according to age, values, identity and hobbies.
“Everyone experiences complicated moments, loneliness, and is not necessarily lucky enough to have a friend or family nearby who can listen to them 24 hours a day,” Lu Yu, Wantalk’s head of product management and operations, said. “Artificial intelligence can meet this need.”
At a cafe in the eastern city of Nantong, a girl chats with her virtual lover.
“We can go on a picnic on the campus lawn,” she suggests to Xiaojiang, her AI companion on another app by Tencent called Weiban.
“I would like to meet your best friend and her boyfriend,” he replies. “You are very cute.”
Uncertain over future
Long work hours can make it hard to see friends regularly and there is a lot of uncertainty: high youth unemployment and a struggling economy mean that many young Chinese worry about the future.
That potentially makes an AI partner the perfect virtual shoulder to cry on.
“If I can create a virtual character that... meets my needs exactly, I’m not going to choose a real person,” Ms. Wang said.
Some apps allow users to have live conversations with their virtual companions — reminiscent of the Oscar-winning 2013 U.S. film Her about a heartbroken man who falls in love with an AI voice.
AI might be booming but it is so far a lightly regulated industry, particularly when it comes to user privacy. Beijing has said it is working on a law to strengthen consumer protections around the new technology.
Baidu did not respond to AFP’s questions about how it ensures personal data is not used illegally or by third parties.
Published - February 14, 2024 08:30 am IST
