Discussing the current contest between opposing ideas of India, Malini Parthasarathy hit the nail on the head when she wrote, “Neither the Congress nor other opposition parties acknowledge emphatically that what is really unfolding in the political arena is a fundamental contest between the original pluralist vision of Indian democracy and the monocultural and exclusivist view of the Hindu nationalists” (“ India’s shrinking democratic space ”, September 15).
The lack of clear vision on the part of the Congress was demonstrated above all by Congress president Rahul Gandhi’s constant attempts to prove his religiosity in the run-up to the Assembly elections in Gujarat and Karnataka by visiting temples and advertising his Brahmin antecedents, which he is now doing in Madhya Pradesh. The strategy appeared to fail earlier in both cases: the BJP won Gujarat, while in Karnataka, despite the Congress’s success in forming a coalition government, there is little doubt that it faced a stinging defeat. The fundamental problem with the Congress is that it confuses demonstrations of personal religiosity, even if undertaken to achieve political ends, with political Hindutva, a clearly defined political ideology owing its origins to Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, K.B. Hedgewar and M.S. Golwalkar, and not to the religious tenets of Hinduism. This ideology, to quote Ms. Parthasarathy, “question(s) the basis of India’s composite nationhood” and advocates an exclusivist agenda which is best summed up in the slogan “Hindi, Hindu, Hindustan”. One can term this “active Hindutva”, that maligns minorities and glosses over atrocities committed on them. The Congress has been increasingly adopting “passive Hindutva” symbolised by temple visits particularly during election time. It is a strategy based on the theory that if you cannot beat them, then join them.
However, the Indian electorate has sufficient political acumen to distinguish between the genuine article and its pale imitation. The Congress is thus ceding ideological ground to the BJP and writing its own death warrant. Those who support the exclusivist majoritarian agenda would rather vote for the “hard” Hindutva of the BJP than Congress’s “soft” Hindutva, which to them epitomises hypocrisy.
What the Congress needs to do is to return to its philosophical roots and clearly lay out a vision of a composite nation, as imagined by Gandhi and Nehru, which is imperilled by the BJP’s ideological onslaught. Mr. Gandhi and his advisors do not have the capacity to articulate such a vision. They are too busy nitpicking on small issues that will have little impact on the electoral contest while aping the BJP’s strategy hoping that it will help them win the next general election. To put it mildly, they are living in a fool’s paradise because imitators can never outshine the original product.
The writer is University Distinguished Professor Emeritus of International Relations, Michigan State University
