India’s indigenous aircraft carrier and largest warship INS Vikrant joins Navy

Prime Minister Modi commissioned the carrier, built at a cost of ₹20,000 crore, at a function organised at the Cochin Shipyard Limited in Kochi

Country’s first indigenously designed and built aircraft carrier INS Vikrant joined the Indian Navy on September 02, 2022. | Photo Credit: Thulasi Kakkat

“In the past, security concerns in the Indo-Pacific region and the Indian Ocean have long been ignored, but today this area is a major defence priority of the country for us and we are working in every direction, from increasing the budget for the Navy to increasing its capability,” said Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday, as the country’s first indigenous aircraft carrier and the most complex warship ever built, INS Vikrant was commissioned into the Indian Navy. “Vikrant is a unique reflection of India becoming self-reliant,” he said.

The ship is christened after India’s first aircraft carrier Vikrant, which played a vital role in the 1971 war. From 2013 to 2017, the Navy had fielded two aircraft carriers, the erstwhile Viraat acquired from U.K and INS Vikramaditya from Russia which is currently in service. Once Vikrant becomes fully operational, the Indian Navy will once again be able to deploy two full-fledged carrier groups significantly expanding its footprint across the Indo-Pacific.

“So far, such aircraft carriers were only made by developed countries. India has taken a step towards being a developed country by being part of the league,” Mr. Modi speaking at the formal commissioning ceremony, which saw the presence of several naval veterans who commanded and served on the erstwhile Vikrant. Envoys and Defence Attaches of a few countries were also present at the ceremony including Australian High Commissioner Barry O’Farrell, British High Commissioner Alex Ellis and Russian Ambassador Denis Alipov.

Terming INS Vikrant as huge, the ceremony massive, vast, distinguished and also very special, Mr. Modi said it is not just a warship but a testament to the hard work, talent, influence and commitment of India in the 21st century. “If the goals are distant, the journeys are long, the ocean and the challenges are endless – then India’s answer is Vikrant.”

Commanding Officer Capt. Vidhyadhar Harke read the commissioning warrant and the nishaan was hoisted as the national anthem was played followed by the breaking of the commissioning pendent. INS Vikrant adorned the new ensign with effect from its commissioning.

The ship with a displacement of 42,800 tonnes was designed by the Navy’s Warship Design Bureau (WDB) and built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), a public sector shipyard under Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterway.

In line with the prevailing practice globally among carrier operating nations, the aviation trials are expected to commence by November and expected to continue till mid-2023, officials had stated that the carrier is expected to be fully operational by end of next year.

The ship would be capable of operating an air wing consisting of 30 aircraft comprising of MiG-29K fighter jets, Kamov-31 early warming helicopters, MH-60R multi-role helicopters, in addition to indigenously manufactured Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) and Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) (Navy).

Fighter aircraft are launched using the Short Take Off But Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) method and INS Vikrant is equipped with a ski-jump for launching aircraft, and a set of three ‘arrester wires’ for their recovery onboard.

The Navy is expected to soon finalise procurement of another carrier-based fighter, between the Boeing F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet and Dassault Aviation Rafale, to operate off its carriers till the indigenous under development Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) is available.

The 26,000 tonnes of steel used in INS Vikrant is warship grade steel produced for the first time in the country by Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) in collaboration with Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) and the Navy. The steel is now being used in the construction of all warships in the country.

Steel cutting began in April 2005, ship’s keel was laid in February 2009 and it was launched into water in August 2013.

The 262m long and 62m wide INS Vikrant is powered by four General Electric LM2500 engines which give it a maximum speed of 28 Knots and has the endurance of 7500 NM, which means she can make a voyage from Kochi to Brazil without refuelling. 

The ship has around 2200 compartments, designed for a crew of around 1600 that include specialised cabins to accommodate women officers and sailors.

Vikrant is the first ship in the Navy and the country which has a 64-slice CT scan machine onboard, in addition to ultrasound and digital X-ray machines and two purpose-built operation theatres. The ship’s reverse osmosis plants produce over four lakh litres of water every day.

The carrier has large number of indigenous equipment and machinery and the indigenisation efforts has also led to development of ancillary industries, besides generation of employment opportunities for 2000 CSL personnel and about 13000 employees in ancillary industries.

Globally, there is a renewed push by major powers to deploy aircraft carriers despite the growing threats to big surface platforms from missiles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). While the U.S. is fielding new generation of super carriers, the U.K. has fielded new carriers, while Japan is converting its helicopter carriers to operate the F-35 fighter jets. China,which is on a massive maritime modernisation spree and presently operates two carriers, has launched into a third carrier, Fujian, into water in June this year.