Arvind Panagariya took charge as the first vice-chairman of the newly-created NITI Aayog in Delhi on Tuesday.
The NITI Aayog CEO Sindhushree Khullar and other senior officials briefed Dr. Panagariya about the body.
He is expected to call on Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who is the chairman of the Aayog, later in the day.
Economist Bibek Debroy and former DRDO chief V.K. Saraswat were appointed as full-time members and are expected to join shortly.
NITI Aayog has replaced the 65-year-old Planning Commission.