Iran could join international talks over Syria’s future for the first time later this week, as the United States declared itself ready to engage its long-time foe, if it might helps halt Syria’s four-year civil war.
Washington still waits to hear if Tehran will attend the next round of discussions, expected to start Thursday and continue till Friday in Vienna.
Secretary of State John Kerry, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and several top European and Arab diplomats will be attending, a familiar cast that up to now hasn’t included any Iranian representatives.
State Department spokesman John Kirby told reporters on Tuesday that the arrangements for Vienna were still being finalized, but that “we anticipate that Iran will be invited to attend this upcoming meeting.”
While the U.S. doesn’t approve of Iran’s “destabilizing activities” in Syria, Mr. Kirby said American officials “always have recognized that at some point in the discussion, moving toward a political transition, we have to have a conversation and a dialogue with Iran.”
“It’s up to Iran to decide whether they’re going to or not when they are asked,” he said.
The United States is taking a gamble. Iran has backed President Bashar Assad’s government throughout the conflict, fighting alongside the Syrian military, and is seen by Western-backed rebels and U.S. partners in the region as a major source of the bloodshed. The Syrian opposition may balk at Iran’s inclusion in any discussions on what a post-Assad Syria should look like.
On the other hand, all previous international efforts have done nothing to stop the fighting, and Mr. Kerry is trying to unite all sides with influence in the Arab country around a common vision of a peaceful, secular and pluralistic Syria governed with the consent of its people.
Washington actively opposed Iran participating in two earlier mediation attempts but recently spoke of the possibility of Iran joining talks in the future. It is now offering Tehran a seat after days of behind-the-scenes negotiation, particularly with its regional rival Saudi Arabia, according to officials who demanded anonymity
In a telephone conversation Tuesday, President Barack Obama and Saudi King Salman spoke about cooperating closely to fight the Islamic State and “establish the conditions for a political transition in Syria,” according to a White House statement. They vowed to build on recent diplomatic efforts.
Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, ruled out new negotiations with the United States after they and five other nations clinched a long-term nuclear agreement in July. But Iran clearly has a stake in Syria’s future, as Assad’s government has helped the Iranians exert dominance over nearby Lebanon and threaten Israel through their proxy, Hezbollah.
The U.S., Russia, Saudi Arabia and Turkey met last week in Vienna, putting forward new ideas to revive diplomatic hopes. However, they remained deeply divided over Assad’s future.
The United States and its partners say Assad can participate in a “political transition,” but would have to leave power at the end of the process, if Syria could ever move on from a war that has killed at least 250,000 people and forced more than 11 million from their homes. Russia and Iran rejected that demand. Other sticking points include the length of the transition, and what a new constitution and future elections might look like.
Beyond Iran, this week’s gathering will expand to include countries such as Britain, France, Germany, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates.
Meanwhile, violence continues to rage between rebel groups and the Islamic State, and in the Kurdish region in northern Syria, even drawing in Turkey.
