The U.S. Federal Reserve should commit to letting economic booms run on enough to fully offset collapses like the 2007 to 2009 Great Recession, Former Fed Chair Janet Yellen said on Friday, urging the central bank to make “lower-for-longer” its official motto for interest rates following serious downturns.
Ms. Yellen’s approach, which comes in the wake of complaints by the Trump administration about Fed interest rate hikes, could imply a looser monetary policy stance amid Fed officials’ concerns about tight labour markets and greater financial stability risks after a decade of low rates.
Those concerns should not be shunted aside, Ms. Yellen said, in her most extensive remarks about monetary policy since leaving the Fed early in the year.
Keeping rates low
Elaborating on how the central bank should think about what to do if rates have to be cut to zero again in the future and can’t go any lower, she said the Fed should promise now that it will keep rates low enough to let a hot economy make up for lost time.
“By keeping interest rates unusually low after the zero lower bound no longer binds, the lower-for-longer approach promises, in effect, to allow the economy to boom,” Ms. Yellen said in remarks delivered at a Brookings Institution conference. “The (Federal Open Market Committee) needs to make a credible statement endorsing such an approach, ideally before the next downturn.”
The approach reflects much of current Fed policy, which was largely set before Ms. Yellen left office. Officials, for example, view their 2% inflation target “symmetrically,” and say they are willing to tolerate inflation a bit higher than that without overreacting, just as they were willing to tolerate inflation a bit weaker.
But Ms. Yellen is urging them to go a step beyond, adopting some metric — whether a measure of lost output, the sum of below target inflation, or some other measure — that it would hit before raising rates too high, if at all.
Her advice would not necessarily change where the Fed stands today. But it could become relevant as officials mull how to respond to a strengthened labour market, and signs of a pick up in wages and other costs — the type of developments a “lower for longer” strategy would perhaps allow to continue without a reaction.
Stoke economy sans risk
By making a strong, official commitment to making up lost ground, the Fed could raise expectations about inflation and growth, and more effectively stoke the economy without taking some of the risks involved with other schemes, such as formally raising the inflation target higher than 2%.
Central bankers globally are grappling with the fact that interest rates in general may be lower than they have been in the past, meaning policy rates may hit zero more often and erode the influence of monetary policy in recession fighting.
In the recent downturn, the Fed resorted to other tools, most notably asset purchases. Ms. Yellen said that should remain an option when policy rates hit zero, but did not think it sufficient to battle another severe recession.
Rather, the Fed should make a promise that households and markets believe it will meet.
The Fed could “emphasise that it anticipates that the additional stimulus provided by this approach will result in a period of exceptionally low unemployment.”
