- Health insurance for one crore people
- Dual degree programme in Ramnad campus
- A slew of schemes to mark birth centenary of Annadurai
- No trust against Speaker defeated
- Woman, infant run over by electric train
- Four integrated M. Tech. courses inaugurated
- 4 security personnel killed in encounter
- Court refuses to stay Amarinder’s expulsion
- Acquittal of three persons disappoints Bhaiyyalal
- No evidence for conviction under Atrocities Act: judge
- Colombo asked to ensure safety of Tamil civilians
- Hunt on for 5 Indian Mujahideen cadre
- Move for more financial autonomy
- Prachanda: Nepal’s ties with India unassailable
- Soumya’s body to be brought back to India in ten days’ time
- Rhinoceros returned to Manas National Park
- Intelligence failure to blame: Lalu
- Hurricane leaves 21 dead in U.S.
- 4 killed as typhoon pounds Taiwan
- Pleads innocence in Nazi war crime trial
- A leap of faith in England
- Christian groups retaliate
- It’s the best package: Biman
- “End isolation, put northeast on growth path”
- Lottery playing havoc with society: PIL
- “Why ignore Bajrang Dal role in blasts?”
- One killed as police open fire to quell Vadodara clashes
- Notice to Centre on plea to fill vacant seats in IITs
- Bishops slam attacks
- U.P. terms reports of ATS raids baseless
- I enjoy full blessings of my leader, says Patil
- Two more held for Ahmedabad explosions
- Green all the way
- Chandrayaan-1 on course for launch
- AIDWA welcomes conviction
- Deendar Anjuman plea against ban dismissed
- Gowda sees ugly display of fascism
- Help pours in for victims
- BJP wants Shivraj Patil to go
- Don’t sign 123, says former Indian envoy to U.S.
- Bihar, Central experts yet to act, says STF chief
- Boy’s body found
- Applications for anganwadi posts
- Bus falls into pit, 33 injured
- Free meal scheme begins
- Boat accident: case filed against five
- A discrimination against minorities, says trust
- 83 cable operators apply to Arasu Cable for signals
- Processions, sapling planting mark Anna birth centenary celebrations
- Government asked to implement total prohibition in State
- Itteri Road battered
- Boy drowns
- Demolition of illegal structures evokes mixed reaction
- Itteri Road badly damaged
- Uthirappan Nagar in dire need of improvement
- ‘Implement total prohibition in T.N.’
- Vinayaka Mission’s city centre opened
- Start a new life, released prisoners told
- Attempt to stage demo causes flutter
- BSNL mega mela today
- Campaign against N-deal
- Labourers take out rally
- White Paper on terrorist activities sought
- Agency sought to link ITIs and industries
- Anna birth centenary celebrations
- 143 candidates from Arakkonam get appointment orders in Nokia
- “Walk 10 miles every day”
- Water being released for single crop
- Remembering a leader
- The small are smart and sweet
- Yoga therapy programme at Railway hospital
- Achiever ’08, a litmus test for college students
- Thirparappu Falls Vizha inaugurated
- Rumour mongering fuels gold rush
- SHGs receive Rs. 1.95 crore as loans
- Furry flaunts
- Zooming ahead, leaving a trail of flashbacks
- Entertainment industry offers good prospects
- Headmaster receives National Award
- Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research inaugurated
- School Notes
- How can I stop welfare schemes, asks Jayalalithaa
- Swamy seeks White Paper on terrorist activities
- Stadco opens engineering centre
- Railway Police conducts security awareness programme for auto and taxi drivers
- Anti-smoking Act: health officers gear up
- Origin of Hindi Sahitha Sammelan traced
- Tension in Uthapuram
- 22 primary health centres upgraded in Pudukottai
- Need for enhancing employability skills of students stressed
- Arasu Cable Corporation comes into being in Madurai
- Madurai meet to be a turning point in State politics: Vaiko
- Chief Minister fulfils Anna’s poll promise
- “To leverage the needs of markets, skilled labour is required”
- Kandaleru water to be released today
- Two held under Goondas Act
- Left parties have a big role to play in forging Third Front: Varadarajan
- Postal schemes lose their lustre
- A new lease of life after release
- Find alternatives
- ‘Anna remained loyal to democratic principles’
- Peacock found dead
- With rates rising, banks seen as safe bet
- Mettur level
- Leaders garland Anna’s statues
- Plight of bus passengers
- Celebrations mark Anna’s birth centenary
- Higher Education Digest
- Woman found hanging
- Continuing education evokes good response
- Welfare assistance disbursed
- Rice to be sold at Re. 1 per kg
- Natyanjali at Pateeswarar Temple
- Farmers see their savings dry up
- “Varsities must take independent decisions”
- retail rates
- Floral tributes to the leader
- Rallies, tributes mark Anna birth centenary celebrations
- Five days, five French films and a festival
- “It has become a field day for litigants”
- Regional consultation meet
- Pallikaranai marsh aflame with flamingo and a few other birds
- Now, message on skating wheels
- Two killed as sun shade collapses
- Honour for singer Sri ‘Embar’Raghavasimhan
- Voice your problems, you will get care and cure
- “Articulate and be in the public eye”
- Biotechnology, the means to combat climate change: M.S. Swaminathan
- School notes
- ‘Vishnu Sahasra Nama’ recital competition
- Working day or holiday?
- Charitable trust formed in honour of Ramajayam
- For suburban educational institutions, the cut goes on
- Call to invest in nature
- Red alert sounded at all airports
- Freed from prison, but not from the pains of old age
- Released prisoners get relief package
- Chinese students return home
- ELCOT plans to take laptops to rural students
- Statue vandalised
- Complaint against Sri Lankan Navy
- Karunanidhi justifies alliance with Congress
- Karunanidhi inaugurates emergency services
- Army recruitment test results
- Extend bus services to Sitharevu
- Traffic problem
- 9,000 saplings to be planted
- “Strive for all-round development”
- Two arrested
- House burgled
- Tributes paid to Annadurai
- Annadurai remembered
- Cable TV control room inaugurated
- Road blockade for water
- A bond forged behind bars
- NPA meeting
- Bench comes to the rescue of shopkeepers
- A taste of southern culture
- Rail reservations made using Citibank credit cards cancelled
- Rights panel recommends Rs. 1 lakh compensation
- Murder charges filed against 20 persons
- Judges caught in lift
- Prayer hall attacked
- BJP general council to meet at Salem
- Making ends meet
- Arrest sought
- Minister stresses need to improve sanitation
- Urban development policy on the anvil
- Immersion procession peaceful in Virajpet
- Flood situation in Bidar improves
- MYSORE MUSINGS
- Prisoners are now beamed to court
- Religious conversions opposed
- GP member accused of assault
- Rs. 1.8 crore loan to be disbursed
- For harmony
- Hero’s welcome for Poovamma
- Going by logical thinking
- Contest to choose student icon
- 90 per cent of world’s diamonds are cut in India
- Another treat awaits film buffs
- Mysore ready for ‘Pallavotsava’
- Devanahalli Business Park to attract over $2 billion investment
- Ganakala Parishat’s meet from tomorrow
- Karnataka human rights panel “helpless”
- Christians are a worried lot in Chikmagalur
- Prayer halls to be repaired at government cost
- ‘Two more churches vandalised’
- Panel examining plea to restrict use of cellphones
- ‘Police officer being victimised’
- Protest by HIV, AIDS counsellors
- Business Park to attract over $2 billion investment
- Air Force Association Day
- Six persons arrested on charge of robbery
- ‘Fix cane price at Rs. 1,750 a tonne’
- Exercise restraint: Chief Minister
- Mob fury
- One-rupee offer damages several Volvo buses
- ’We have no link with ‘New Life’
- That long, hard way home
- Schools, colleges closed today
- Lok Adalats to resolve cases mooted
- Book the culprits first: Congress leaders
- By-poll for Kota ZP seat
- Two drown in Arabian Sea
- David Simeon seeks protection to Christians in State
- Move on negative marks dropped
- Vedike seeks Bajrang Dal leader’s arrest
- Relief material
- M.V.’s birth anniversary
- Bajpe aiport awaits railway connectivity
- Canvas of dreams
- ‘Integrate treatment of AIDS with other diseases’
- Now book your tours at post offices
- Govt. will deal with miscreants sternly: Yeddyurappa
- Time-bound promotions for junior engineers likely: Udasi
- ‘No hike in power tariff’
- Two killed
- Foundation Day to be held
- Help desks for women, children at police stations
- Warning of lock-up
- Basavashree award for Kiran Bedi
- Milk price spat reaches High Court
- Convene legislature session, demands Ugrappa
- Diversion of growth centre land at Raichur opposed
- KRRS splits again, new group apolitical
- Yeddyurappa urged to visit Bidar soon
- Violence condemned
- Sir MV’s birthday celebrated
- Lorry owners refuse to call off strike
- Minister inspects bus station
- Government to invite President to inaugurate Kittur Utsav
- Job racket busted; one arrested
- Three arrested
- SVAK to host Women’s Science Congress in November
- Polytechnic students oppose introduction of negative marks
- Farmers protest
- Bandh observed in Magge, Kunduru
- Free insurance
- Ganeshotsava ends on colourful note
- Take Indian science to the world: Minister
- Dharna
- Houses to hut-dwellers on priority
- Students protest against demolition notice
- Inter-State highway to be upgraded soon
- Campus interview
- Seepage from canal threatens village
- Condemned
- Police protection sought for churches
- I know nothing of Bajrang Dal claim: Palemar
- Attacks: can’t take suo motu action, says KHRC chairman
- Painting contest winners
- Mankavu West residents plagued by water-logged road
- Campus notes
- Yesudas to inaugurate varsity union
- Two burglaries during Onam
- Kozhikode, Wayanad gulp down liquor for Rs.10 crore
- Interview for lecturer post put off
- Trains cancelled
- Slow and steady wins the race, even at 58
- Wedding bells at After Care Home
- Advocating Gandhian ideals to combat religious fundamentalism
- Church reunion anniversary meet
- Medical team visits Chengara
- Nilambur potters host craft lovers from afar
- For the aquarium
- Sports panel sitting
- Sports complex in Kannur
- Lean novelties garnish the Iftar table
- Services for Sabarimala pilgrims
- Circus academy
- Apples are the attraction here
- Police to keep vigil in Kasaragod
- Workshop for teachers
- Ombudsman seeks report on street lamps
- Mud bike race organised
- National forum for business school selections mooted
- Pipelines to be replaced
- Travel agents stage dharna
- Vizhinjam: MLA alleges flaws in land acquisition
- In a holiday mood
- Camp
- Onam pageantry: traffic curbs today
- Kavalam belongs to world theatre, says film-maker
- Chandy alleges nexus between BJP, Left
- Notice on pollution charge
- Immersion procession
- M.S. Sathyu bemoans decline of theatre movement
- Art of Living course in city
- Conference on snakes, venom
- For a living
- Together we harvest
- Jet Airways to fly to Saudi Arabia from State
- Ayyappa Seva Kendras to be set up along trekking path
- Union call to lift load-shedding
- Malayalam stories in Hindi
- Government preparing package for Chengara, says A.K. Balan
- Kondattams to go market-savvy
- On a mission to save a misunderstood amphibian
- CPI(M): probe Kinfra’s land deals
- Order on quota challenged High Court round-up
- e-filing facility at 1,500 institutions
- Tour packages for middle class
- Health capsules on the air
- For better health care
- Air passenger detained
- Boost to circus industry
- Engineering student killed
- Training camp for mahouts
- Sports complex for Kannur
- Lookalikes of blast suspect held, let off
- All set for Aranmula boat race
- Documenting images of distant lands, culture
- CPI (M) convention
- Eurospin workers seek compensation
- Onam festivities end in Thrissur with pulikkali
- Two injured
- Tender for wind farm units extended
- Leopard skin seized
- Stone laid for Vayalar memorial
- Minister inaugurates Vidyarambham
- Motorists’ woes
- Crowds beat time to Tulunadu rhythms
- e-business meet
- Special attorney
- Vigilance cell
- Directive on petitions to SEC
- Pravasi identity cards
- Let Kashmiris decide their future: Sathyu
- ‘Tigers’ break free
- Temporary posting for security personnel
- Anti-drug campaign from October 2
- Illiterate get help on written petitions
- Train services disrupted
- Rs. 22 cr. released for fee reimbursement of OBCs
- Engineers’ Day celebrated
- Coop societies told to furnish annual details
- Students lock up school
- Fertilizer supply reviewed
- Khammam police to step up patrolling in towns
- Singareni Collieries draws plans to jack up coal production
- Don’t reduce Kolleru sanctuary’s size: expert
- Female infanticide still high in Srikakulam
- Adopt better farm practices, ryots told
- Andhra plot behind party’s dwindling strength: TRS
- YSR to visit Pulivendula
- CITU plea on housing
- Veterinary students take delegation to V-C
- False cases against CPI(M) cadres alleged
- Doctor blamed for girl’s death
- Protest by Rajiv Swagruha applicants
- Plea to enforce anti-ragging act
- Two gates of Nizamsagar opened
- Dharna held before cement factory
- Farmers stage ‘rasta roko’ for fertilizer
- Praja Rajyam activists stage dharnas
- Devender Goud’s bus yatra from Sept. 18
- Panchayat Raj staff tonsure their heads
- Woman commits ‘suicide’
- Srisailam water for Pennar basin
- Engineer’s Day celebrated at SCCL
- Extend metro rail to Sangareddy: CPI(M)
- Opposition for probe into ‘sex racket’
- JKC sanctioned for women’s college
- Tributes paid to Mokshagundam
- VAOs storm Sub-Collector’s office
- MANUU offers B.Ed course
- Farmers demand free power for ‘tatkal services’
- Parkal JTO convicted
- Apprenticeship interviews on September 20
- Students get tips on public speaking at NIE session
- Conduct studies to understand earth better, scientists told
- General hospital to be modernised
- Techno exhibition held for students
- Engineers donate blood
- NIIT scholarship test on Sept. 21
- Supporters mob Tarakaratna
- Tiwari condoles killing of student
- Telangana issue: Telugu Desam may withdraw memo from Pranab panel
- Chiru ready for debate with YSR
- 2 more pharma cities to come up in State
- Speaker thanks members for reposing faith in him
- 18 gates of Nagarjunasagar opened
- TDP levels seven charges against Speaker
- Two die in police chase
- Four killed in road accident
- Groundwater level highest in 10 years
- SI’s pistol goes off accidentally
- 348.28 crore grant for backward regions
- No trust move unwarranted, says Chief Minister
- Bomb scare in Mumbai Express
- Bank unions’ plea for support
- Suicide drama disrupts traffic
- Inspector in ACB net
- ‘Government ran away from the debate’
- Naidu, Dharmana lock horns
- City boys launch website
- Designer signage soon at NTR Gardens
- Noted mathematician passes away
- Two child labourers rescued
- House site for former Olympian
- BSNL road show
- GHMC on a clean up overdrive
- SCB notice to Secunderabad Club
- L.L.M. admissions
- ANGRAU courses
- Engineers’ Day
- ‘Love-hate’ relation
- Treatment for spinal deformities
- Ayesha case: city police chief assertive on probe
- Heritage sites’ preservation needs expert touch
- Euro Ceramics shop inaugurated
- Rough ride all the way
- APCLC takes dig at police official
- BRTS: work on Pendurty sector to begin next week
- Books distributed
- BSNL mela
- response
- Vacant land sites posing sanitary problems spotlight
- Four held in robbery case
- Furniture store
- Power shutdown utilities
- 20,000-crore ‘Hyderabad Economic City’ soon
- 2 held, CDs seized
- Free course
- Handwriting classes
- In the fast lane
- ‘Open House’ at Siddhartha engineering college a big draw
- Police Commissioner’s claim
- APSDCL Tirupati circle bags award
- At the wrong place
- Hyundai free car care clinic on till September 23
- Army motorcycle expedition in city on October 8
- It’s China time at Ohri’s
- Malaysian tourism official lauds Hyderabad’s infrastructure
- No-trust move against A.P. Speaker defeated
- Constitutional validity of Muslim quota challenged
- Correction
- Strive for excellence, Vice-Chancellor tells students
- Student hailing from A.P. shot dead in U.S.
- Be fearless to be a good speaker: expert
- RTC crew get training for Brahmotsavams
- Raw deal meted out to Tyagis ’ families
- Role of physics in Defence underscored
- All reservoirs filled to the brim
- Tata Motors’ showroom opened
- A ‘model school’ sans teachers
- Visweswaraiah remembered
- SCR lays emphasis on fertilizer load
- NIRD bags Rajbhasha shield
- Gone with the wind
- AU supplementary exams postponed
- New campus of ICRI inaugurated
- Jet Airways launches three new routes
- Churches’ plea
- 2 get lifer in Garividi murder case
- Panel to recommend 65 as retirement age for teachers
- A slice of history
- Australian Tourism to set up office in India
- Exploring current trends in art markets
- Run for a cause
- Status quo ordered on mosque construction
- Delhi police launch hunt for five Indian Mujahideen cadre
- Airtel cuts processing fee on top-ups
- States warned against overdrawing power
- A sight hard to stomach
- Court fines insurance company for delay in payment
- CSE fellowships for journalists
- National convention Erudition ’08 at DSE
- Teachers anguished over Grants panel
- Jamia to confer honorary degrees
- Remembering a legend
- Kalam for national campaign for eradication of terrorism
- Configuration of bombs being looked into
- Inside Delhi
- Seeking shelter
- Convene Parliament immediately: CPI (M)
- Cabinet meeting rescheduled for today
- Advani visits blast victims at RML
- Report cards of all 70 MLAs soon
- Metro to start training school
- Plea to name IIT Medak after Indira
- Western Command celebrates 61st birthday
- Jammu Doordarshan available across India
- Bomb scare in Chandigarh
- Seven labourers rescued by police
- Five polluting units sealed
- Demand to disburse arrears this month itself
- Snag in Coast Guard vessel rectified
- Rallies, tributes mark Anna’s birth anniversary
- Minister warns against diversion of PDS articles
- Liquor seized
- Football tournament
- Fear of naxals holds up road projects
- Rain affects normal life in State
- “Sonia Gandhi’s intervention sought to overcome power crisis”
- Statute change likely
- Fish species becoming extinct in Chilika lake
- Projects in a limbo
- Teaching students the concept of small savings too
- Sangam fest: a mix of Odissi, Manipuri
- A fashion show with a difference
- Plea for merger of public sector insurance firms
- New Haryana law to rein in property dealers
- English labs for colleges
- Gujjar faction may support BJP
- Another elderly woman killed
- Higher MSP for paddy sought
- Reports of ATS raids baseless: U.P.
- Haryana plan to increase education centres
- Blasts have similarities with previous ones: Patil
- NAC aspirants on trail of fishermen
- PG course in transfusion medicine at JIPMER
- Plea to retain Central forces
- U.S. to examine Pakistan’s role
- Unity government in Zimbabwe
- Food contamination: China to tighten regulatory norms
- Kayani harps on “national consensus” on Kashmir
- “India blocking Chenab waters”
- Indians launch party in Israel
- Moscow warns NATO on Georgia membership
- Resist U.S. pressure, Iran tells IAEA
- Exchange Rates
- Bullion Rates
- FDI flow will not be impacted: HSBC chief
- Global financial crisis sends Sensex tumbling
- BankAm sees India growth opportunities
- Chawla appointed DEA Secretary
- Rupee breaches 46-mark against $
- Satyam secures SAP implementation order in Oman
- Morgan eyes $5 b asset-base
- Gold up post-Lehman but off highs on oil slip
- Shell-MRPL venture starts operations
- SMC ties up with South African firm
- Hindujas TV network
- Titagarh Wagons sets up arm in Singapore
- BASF makes bid for Ciba
- South Indian Bank offers new savings account
- Mahindra Holidays signs MoU with Kerala Govt.
- NMDC pays dividend to Government
- DBS Chola AMC gets new CMO
- Thomas Jacob joins IFRA
- Twenty-First Century Printers renamed
- Sathiyan — India’s shining star
- Nagaraj edges out Tarun, wins title
- IOB wins title
- Horse : It’s Fly By Wire vs. Global Presence
- TNCA XI and Saurashtra enter final
- Jeev finishes tied 11th
- Real Madrid picks up its first win
- Alexandra leads
- Easy win for Little Hearts ‘A’
- Thumping win for Club Mahindra
- Two seeds crash out
- Indian team
- Winning start by top players
- The process of mentoring
- The little man has come a long way
- I-League schedule
- Indian judokas strike it rich
- Abhinav in final
- Anand, Minash shine
- Kishore shines
- Israel Raju bags five wickets
- ACA Secretary XI posts win
- Horse : Archipenko excels
- Horse : Highland Glory shines
- Horse : Bella Coola impresses
- Goa to host 2011 National Games
- Jude, Teenu emerge champions
- Manya Nagpal beats Elli Share
- Geethu waits anxiously
- Emphatic victory for New Zealand ‘A’
- Yousuf may return to ICL
- Chelsea appeals Terry’s sending off
- Dempo takes on Home United today
- Tough opener for fancied players
- Jamal Mohd. keeps trophy
- Agarkar at NCA
- Tour on unless otherwise persuaded: CA
- Warne’s advice to Symonds
- Alok Baa hammers seven goals
- Indian duo clinches silver
- All-round show by Arjun
- Mysore beats Tumkur
- Amarnath hopes selectors would consider Ganguly
- Hat-trick by Imran
- St. Joseph’s triumphs
- LG amateur event starts today
- PIFA Bangalore camp
- Double delight for KSP
- Subramanyaraju sparkles
- Three in a row for PSG Tech
- Kozhikode Today
- Palakkad Today
- Weather
- Cartoonscape
- Solution No. 9328
- The Hindu Crossword No. 9329
- Chennai Today
- Bangalore Today
- Tiruchi Today
- Kochi Today
- Thiruvananthapuram Today
- Visakhapatnam Today
- Hyderabad Today
- Coimbatore Today
- dated September 16, 1958: Closer integration
- Efface the ego
- dated September 16, 1958: Situation in Kerala
- dated September 16, 1958: Visvesvaraya 98
bangalore
- Organic colours
- She is here to stay
- Pestered?
- For that Nawabi feeling
- No smoking
- A stylish wrap
- Sweet ’n’ sour!
- Life is for living
- The right choice
- I can’t get this write…
- Galactic wars
chennai
- Up for the challenge
- Surfing for fun and work
- Conquering ability
- Fusion of sports and style
- Slurp and snap
- The mush register
- Curls are back!
- Now showing
- Just joking
- Children still love her
- The wedding tackle
- Reality bites
- Clash of the corporates
- Musical vibes
- Mugdha’s code
hyderabad
bangalore
chennai
- Grand contest in the forest
- Ganesha for kids
- Star sports
- Crayon corner
- Let’s just play
- Answer to Young World Quiz (September 16, 2008)
- Distress call!
- Young World Quiz (September 16, 2008)
- Dangerously big
- When a river change course
- The legend
- Quick facts
- Kosi – in history
- River bountiful, yet destructive
- Bringing them together
- Sembawang Secondary School, Singapore
- Sornammal Matriculation School
- Ambattur Kalaivizha 2008 — Malarum Mottukal
- Devi Academy
- D.A.V. Public School, Velachery
- History, sci-fi and fantasy
coimbatore
- K. Rangaswamy Naidu Nursery and Primary School
- Veveaham H.S. School
- K.G. Matriculation and Higher Secondary School
- Devanga H.S. School
- Cry of children
- Sishya pre-nursery School
delhi
- Get ready to rock with robots
- Abhinav Public School
- Bal Bharati Public School
- Delhi Public School
- Mount Carmel School
- DLF Public School
hyderabad
kochi
madurai
mangalore
thiruvananthapuram
tiruchirapalli
- S.R.V. Matric H.S. School, Samayapuram
- Mount Zion Matric H.S. School, Pudukottai
- Vivekananda Nursery and Primary School
- Rotary Club, Aranthangi
- Trekking up the hills
vijayawada
- Bloomingdale Play School and Day Care
- Loving grandma and grandpa
- Nalanda for Nepal
- V.P. Siddharth Public School
visakhapatnam
thiruvananthapuram
- New Arrivals
- Five-day programme on ‘fund raising’
- Efficiency, their unique selling proposition
- UGC team to assess use of funds
- Teach children, educate parents
- What is the meaning of ‘PowerPoint singalong’?
- What is the meaning of ‘risqué’? How is the word pronounced?
- How is the word ‘flummox’ pronounced?
- Indo-German ties in higher education
- What is the meaning of ‘percolate’?
- Cost and works accountancy
- Rapid reading
- CII summit in Bangalore on quality in education
- Food analysis lab in Pathanamthitta
- Test Track
- A window of opportunities for higher education
- Enhance your reading speed
- Symbiosis team speaks on the importance of an MBA
- Declining interest in basic sciences
- Centre’s largesse for backward districts
