Today the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway celebrates the 10th anniversary of its official opening. The Norwegian government has planned to spend about $13 million to upgrade the vault.
What is the Svalbard Global Seed Vault and how many seeds are there?
It is a facility located on a remote island in the Arctic Ocean and it houses the world's largest collection of seeds. The seeds can be of use in the event of a global catastrophe or when some species is lost due to natural disasters. It is therefore also referred to as the doomsday vault.
According to the latest release release from Crop Trust, one of the operators of the vault, there have been over a million seed samples deposited by 73 institutions till date.
Where is India's seed vault?
At Chang La in the Himalayas, at a height of 17,300 feet, there is a storage facility with over 5,000 seed accessions. One accession consists of a set of seeds of one species collected from different locations or different populations.
Who maintains the vault?
The vault is a joint venture of the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (which comes under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research) and the Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (under Defence Research and Development Organisation)
“It started as a small experimental set-up almost 10 years ago. We used the facility as an additional storage or a safety duplicate for the seeds at the National Genebank in Delhi,” said Dr.K.C. Bandal, former director of the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources.
Dr. Bandal was one of the representatives from India who carried the deposit box from India to Norway in April 2014. “In Norway, we have deposited 25 accessions of pigeon pea. Pigeon pea is a high source of protein and India is one of the highest producers of the pulse crop. This is a first step in safeguarding the crop diversity and agricultural wealth of our country,” he said
FILE - This is a March 2. 2016 file photo of the interior of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, the secure seed bank on Svalbard, Norway. Nearly 10 years after a "doomsday" seed vault opened on an Arctic island off Norway, some 50,000 new samples from seed collections ranging from India, the Middle East, northern Africa and Europe to the U.S. and Mexico, have been deposited in the world’s largest repository, built to safeguard against wars or natural disasters wiping out global food crops. (Heiko Junge/ NTB scanpix, File via AP)
How are the seeds stored?
An official from the Defence Institute of High Altitude Research said, “When a seed needs to be stored for few years, maintaining it at just 10 degree Celsius is enough. But in the long run, for 10 to 20 years, they need to be kept at a minus 15 to minus 20 degree Celsius (range). Chang La has a prevalent temperature in this sub-zero range.”
