NASA has identified an odd, tiny Near-Earth Object as a valid candidate for its ambitious first-ever asteroid-capture mission scheduled for the 2020s.
The Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) is a proposed spacecraft concept which aims to capture either a small asteroid or a boulder from an asteroid. Astronomers using NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope measured the size of the asteroid in question, called ‘2011 MD’, at 6 metres in diameter.
2011 MD’s structure appears to contain a lot of empty space and resembles a pile of rubble, according to astronomers.
Spitzer’s infrared vision was key to sizing up the asteroid. “From its perch up in space, Spitzer can use its heat-sensitive infrared vision to spy asteroids and get better estimates of their sizes,” said Michael Mommert of Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, the lead author of the study.
The Spitzer results confirm that 2011 MD has characteristics suitable for the ARM proposal, elevating it to the “valid candidate” level.
Valid candidates must have the right size, mass and rotation rate to be feasibly captured by the robotic spacecraft, NASA said.
Two other valid candidates have been identified so far.
Astronauts aboard an Orion spacecraft, launched by a Space Launch System rocket, will explore the asteroid in the 2020s, returning to Earth with samples.
Experience in human spaceflight beyond low-Earth orbit through this mission will help NASA test new systems and capabilities needed to support future human missions to Mars.
The density of 2011 MD is remarkably low — about the same as water.
Since rock is about three times more dense than water, this implies that about two—thirds of the asteroid must be empty space.
The study was published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
