‘Beer belly’ or an excess of visceral fat — the fat stored deep in the abdominal cavity — is directly linked to an increased risk for colon or intestinal cancer, a new study has warned.
US researchers tested if removing visceral fat in mice genetically prone to developing colon cancer might prevent or lessen the development of these tumours.
“There has been some scepticism as to whether obesity per se is a bona fide cancer risk factor, rather than the habits that fuel it, including a poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle,” said Derek M Huffman, from the Institute for Aging Research at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in Bronx, New York.
“Although those other lifestyle choices play a role, this study unequivocally demonstrates that visceral adiposity is causally linked to intestinal cancer,” Huffman said.
The study randomly assigned the mice to one of three groups. Mice in the first group underwent a sham surgery and were allowed to eat an unrestricted “buffet style” diet, for the entirety of the study, which resulted in these mice becoming obese.
Those in the second group were also provided an unrestricted diet and became obese, but they had their visceral fat surgically removed at the outset of the study.
Mice in the third group also underwent a sham surgery, but were provided only 60 per cent of the calories consumed by the other mice in order to reduce their visceral fat by dieting.
“Our sham-operated obese mice had the most visceral fat, developed the greatest number of intestinal tumours, and had the worst overall survival,” Huffman said.
“However, mice that had less visceral fat, either by surgical removal or a calorie-restricted diet, had a reduction in the number of intestinal tumours. This was particularly remarkable in the case of our group where visceral fat was surgically removed, because these mice were still obese, they just had very little abdominal fat,” he said in a statement.
The researchers then subdivided the groups by gender. In female mice, the removal of visceral fat was significantly related to a reduction in intestinal tumours, but calorie restriction was not.
In male mice, calorie restriction had a significant effect on intestinal tumours, but removal of visceral fat did not.
“This suggests that there are important gender differences in how adiposity and nutrients interact with the tumour environment,” Huffman said.
“In addition, the study emphasises the need to promote strategies that reduce visceral fat in abdominally obese individuals,” he said.
The study was published in journal Cancer Prevention Research .
