So strong was the anti-business sentiment for the first Earth Day in 1970 that organisers took no money from corporations and held teach-ins “to challenge corporate and government leaders”.
Forty years later, the day has turned into a premiere marketing platform for selling everything from office products to Greek yogurt to eco-dentistry.
For this year's celebration, Bahama Umbrella is touting its specially designed umbrella, with a drain so that water “can be stored, reused and recycled”. Gray Line, a New York City sightseeing company, will keep running its buses on fossil fuels. But the company is promoting an “Earth Week” package of day trips to green spots like the botanical gardens and flower shopping at Chelsea Market.
FAO Schwarz is taking advantage of Earth Day to showcase Peat the Penguin, an emerald-tinted plush toy that, as part of the Greenzys line, is made of soy fibres and teaches green lessons to children. The penguin, Greenzys promotional material notes, “is an ardent supporter of recycling, reusing and reducing waste”.
To many pioneers of the environmental movement, eco-consumerism, creeping for decades, is intensely frustrating and detracts from Earth Day's original purpose.
“This ridiculous perverted marketing has cheapened the concept of what is really green,” said Denis Hayes, who was national coordinator of the first Earth Day and is returning to organise this year's activities in Washington. “It is tragic.”
Yet the eagerness of corporations to sign up for Earth Day also reflects the environmental movement's increased tolerance toward corporate America: Many “big greens”, as leading environmental advocacy organisations are known, now accept that they must take money from corporations or at very least become partners with them if they are to make real inroads in changing social behaviour.
This year, instead of holding a teach-in, Greenpeace will team up with technology giants like Cisco and Google to hold a “Webinar” focused on how the use of new technologies like video conferencing and “cloud” computing can reduce the nation's carbon footprint. Daniel Kessler, a spokesperson for Greenpeace, said it was necessary to “promote a counterweight to the fossil fuel industry”.
In 1970, New York City Mayor John V. Lindsay addressed a crowd of tens of thousands in Union Square on Earth Day, in an atmosphere The New York Times likened to a “secular revival meeting”.
This year, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg will be in Times Square to announce measures to reduce New York's impact on the environment. Using the same stage, Keep America Beautiful, an anti-littering non-profit organisation, will introduce “dream machines”, recycling kiosks they are rolling out with PepsiCo. The machines are meant to increase the recycling rates for beverage containers, which currently is estimated at about 36 per cent nationwide.
The irony, of course, is that a fair portion of the more than 200 billion beverage containers produced in the United States each year are filled with PepsiCo products like Mountain Dew and Aquafina; such bottle trash contributes to serious pollution on beaches, oceans and inland waterways.
Still, Matthew M. McKenna, president and chief executive officer of Keep America Beautiful, and a former PepsiCo senior vice-president, said he jumped at the opportunity to have his former employer introduce its kiosk at the event. “We are not being asked to encourage the purchase of Pepsi or the consumption of their products,” he said. “We are asked to deal in the field with what happens when they get thrown out.”
While the momentum for the first Earth Day came from the grassroots, many corporations say that it is often the business community that now leads the way in environmental innovation — and they want to get their customers interested. In an era when the population is more divided on the importance of environmental issues than it was four decades ago, the April event offers a rare window, they say, when customers are game to learn about the environmentally-friendly changes the companies have made.
Frank Sherman, United States green officer for TD Bank, said the company hurried to get its prototype of a highly energy-efficient bank branch building in Queens ready for Earth Day because that's when “people are paying attention”.
The original Earth Day events were attended by 20 million Americans — to this day among the largest participation in a political action in the nation's history. This year, while the day will be widely marked with events, including a climate rally on the Mall in Washington, the movement does not have the same support it had four decades ago. In part, said Robert Stone, an independent documentary filmmaker whose history of the American environmental movement is being broadcast on public television this week, the movement has been a victim of its own success in clearing up tangible problems with air and water. But that is just part of the problem, he noted.
“Every Earth Day is a reflection of where we are as a culture,” he said. “If it has become commoditised, about green consumerism instead of systemic change, then it is a reflection of our society.” — New York Times News Service
