China’s first landing of a plane on one of its new island runways in the South China Sea shows Beijing’s facilities in the disputed region are being completed on schedule and military flights will inevitably follow, foreign officials and analysts have said.
China’s increasing military presence in the disputed sea could effectively lead to a Beijing-controlled air defence zone, they said, ratcheting up tensions with other claimants and with the United States in one of the world's most volatile areas.
Beijing confirms test-flight
China has confirmed that a test-flight by a civilian plane landed on an artificial island built in the Spratlys, the first time Beijing has used a runway in the area.
Vietnam said the plane landed on January 2 and launched a formal diplomatic protest, while Philippines Foreign Ministry spokesman Charles Jose said Manila was planning to do the same. Both have claims to the area that overlap with China.
Navigation freedom will be hit: Philippines
“That’s the fear, that China will be able take control of the South China Sea and it will affect the freedom of navigation and freedom of over-flight,” Mr. Jose told reporters.
In Washington, State Department spokesman John Kirby said China’s landing of the plane “raises tensions and threatens regional stability.”
Senator John McCain, the chairman of the influential U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee, criticised the Obama administration for delaying further “freedom of navigation” patrols within 12 nautical miles of the islands built by China.
Activities on for over a year
China has been building runways on the artificial islands for over a year, and the plane’s landing was not a surprise.
The runway at the Fiery Cross Reef is 3,000 metres (10,000 feet) long and is one of the three China was constructing on artificial islands built up from seven reefs and atolls in the Spratlys archipelago.
Presence in Southeast Asia
The runways would be long enough to handle long-range bombers and transport craft as well as China’s best jet fighters, giving them a presence deep into the maritime heart of Southeast Asia that they have lacked until now.
Chinese officials have repeatedly stressed that the new islands would be mostly for civilian use, such as coast guard activity and fishing research.
Within our sovereignty: China
Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said at the weekend that the test flight was intended to check whether the runway met civilian aviation standards and fell “completely within China's sovereignty.”
Asked about Mr. McCain's remarks on Tuesday, she said: “We hope the U.S. can take an objective and fair attitude, and not make statements that confuse the situation and are harmful to regional peace and stability,” she said.
De facto defence zone
However, military landings on the islands were now “inevitable,” said Leszek Buszynski, a visiting fellow at the Australian National University’s Strategic and Defence Studies Centre.
“The next step will be, once they’ve tested it with several flights, they will bring down some of their fighter air power - SU-27s and SU-33's - and they will station them there permanently. That’s what they’re likely to do.”
Tensions may worsen: expert
Ian Storey, a South China Sea expert at Singapore’s ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute, said he expected tensions to worsen as China used its new facilities to project power deeper into the South China Sea.
Even if China stopped short of formally declaring an Air Defence Identification Zone, known as an ADIZ, Beijing’s need to protect its new airstrips and other facilities could see it effectively operating one.
Work on port, storage, personnel facilities
Work is well underway to complete a range of port, storage and personnel facilities on the new islands, U.S. and regional officials have said, adding Fiery Cross is also expected to house advanced early warning radars and military communications facilities.
“As these facilities become operational, Chinese warnings to both military and civilian aircraft will become routine,” Mr. Storey said. “These events are a precursor to an ADIZ, or an undeclared but de facto ADIZ, and one has to expect tensions to rise.”
China sparked condemnation from the U.S. and Japan in late 2013 when it declared an ADIZ over the East China Sea, covering uninhabited islands disputed with Tokyo.
Ms. Hua said on Monday that there were no immediate plans for an ADIZ in the South China Sea.
However, regional military officials say they are logging increased warnings to aircraft from Chinese radio operators, including some from ground stations on Fiery Cross reef.
Lays claim to most of S. China Sea
China claims most of the South China Sea, through which more than $5 trillion of world trade ships every year. Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, the Philippines and Taiwan have rival claims.
The U.S. has no claim in the South China Sea, but has been highly critical of China's assertiveness and says it will protect freedom of navigation.
In Washington, Mr. McCain said that the lack of U.S. action after a navy patrol near the islands in October was allowing China to continue to “pursue its territorial ambitions” in the region.
U.S. committed to further patrols
U.S. officials remain committed to carrying out further “freedom of navigation” patrols near the disputed islands, but are still debating the timing of another patrol, said one U.S. defence official, who was not authorised to speak publicly.
