Egypt’s long banned Muslim Brotherhood said on Tuesday it intends to form a political party once democracy is established, as the country’s new military rulers launched a panel of experts to amend the country’s constitution enough to allow democratic elections later this year.
The panel is to draw up changes at a breakneck pace -- within 10 days -- to end the monopoly that ousted President Hosni Mubarak’s ruling party once held, which it ensured through widespread election rigging. The initial changes may not be enough for many in Egypt calling for the current constitution, now suspended by the military, to be thrown out completely and rewritten to ensure no one can once again establish autocratic rule. Two members on the panel said the next elected government could further change the document if it chooses.
The military’s choices for the panel’s make-up were a sign of the new political legitimacy of the Muslim Brotherhood, the fundamentalist group that was the most bitter rival of Mubarak’s regime. Among the panel’s members is Sobhi Saleh, a former lawmaker from the Brotherhood seen as part of its reformist wing.
The eight-member committee, which met with Defence Minister Hussein Tantawi on Tuesday, also includes a Christian supreme court judge, along with other judges and legal experts, one of its members Mohammed Hassanein AbdelaAl, a legal scholar told The Associated Press. The panel is headed by Tareq el-Bishri, a widely respected former judge and scholar who was once a secular leftist but later became one of the most foremost thinkers of what Egyptians refer to as the “moderate Islamic” political trend and is seen as a bridge between the movements.
The panel’s convening indicated the military was trying to push ahead quickly with a transition after Mr. Mubarak resigned on Friday in the face of 18 days of unprecedented popular protests that massed hundreds of thousands. The military is now also urging an end to labour strikes that spread wildly across the country on Sunday and Monday, unleashed by the turmoil.
The strikes, many hitting state agencies and industries, are a further blow to Egypt’s economy, damaged by the three weeks of upheaval. Egypt’s Foreign Minster Ahmed Aboul Gheit called on the international community to provide aid to boost Egypt’s economy.
Throughout Mr. Mubarak’s rule, his regime kept a stranglehold on Egyptian politics. Any opposition parties had to be approved by a commission run by his ruling National Democratic Party. The constitution his leadership drew up puts stiff restrictions on who can run for president, effectively preventing a real challenger. It also lifted almost all independent supervision of elections, opening the door to vote rigging that ensured the most recent parliament -- now dissolved -- was almost entirely made up of the NDP.
As a result, the existing political parties are hollow shells, with little public following. The constitution also explicitly bans any parties formed on a religious basis. The Muslim Brotherhood, legally banned for decades, was prevented from forming a party but ran candidates for parliament as independents. In 2005, it made a surprisingly strong showing, winning 20 percent of parliament’s seats, but it was pushed out completely in the most recent election in November and December, plagued by fraud.
The Brotherhood announced on Tuesday that it would form a party once promised freer laws are in place.
“The Muslim Brotherhood group believes in the freedom of the formation of political parties. They are eager to have a political party,” spokesman Mohammed Mursi said in a statement on the Brotherhood website.
Essam el-Arian, a prominent Brotherhood figures, said the movement would not run any candidate for upcoming presidential elections, acknowledging that such a move would be too controversial.
“We are not going to have a candidate for the upcoming presidential elections. Its time for solidarity, its time for unity, in my opinion we need a national consensus,” he said. But he said the Brotherhood’s top leadership had decided on the creation of a party.
The Brotherhood’s charter calls for creation of an Islamic state in Egypt, and Mr. Mubarak’s regime depicted the Brotherhood as aiming to take over the country, launching fierce crackdowns on the group. Some Egyptians remain deeply suspicious of the secretive organisation, fearing it will exploit the current turmoil to vault to power.
But others -- including the secular, liberal youth activists who launched the anti-Mubarak uprising -- say the Brotherhood has to be allowed freedom to compete in a democracy alongside everyone else. Support by young cadres in the Brotherhood was key to the protests’ success, providing manpower and organisation, though they never came to form a majority in the wave of demonstrations.
The new constitutional panel is mandated to draw up amendments to the current constitution within 10 days to be put to a referendum, paving the way for elections. The military specified six articles to be amended or thrown out “along with changes to any connected articles that the committee deems necessary,” according to the military’s statement to the panel, read to the Associated Press by Abdel-Al.
“This is a critical moment and things have to be dealt with on a priority basis,” he said of the decision to focus on those select articles, which are the main ones imposing restrictions on elections. “This is a preliminary requirement to hold free democratic elections ... our task is to make it feasible for that to happen.”
“The future parliament and government can decide whether to make further amendments or rewrite the whole thing,” he said.
Saleh, the Brotherhood member on the panel, said the goal was to “cleanse” the constitution to ensure freedom of political parties and other rights ahead of the election. “After the transition to a democratic life and freedoms, parties and political forces can get together and work on a complete constitution,” he said.
The Armed Forces Supreme Council, grouping the defence minister and top generals, has vowed to hand over power to an elected civilian government. It has dissolved parliament and suspended the constitution -- steps that encouraged protest leaders because both were pillars of the Mubarak regime. But it has kept in place the last government installed by Mr. Mubarak as a caretaker until a new one is named.
On Monday, the coalition of activists who organised the protest movement pushed the military for further steps. In a list of demands on Monday, they called for the dissolving of Mubarak’s National Democratic Party and for the creation of a Cabinet of technocrats within 30 days. They want it to replace the current caretaker government.
“It is unacceptable that the same government which caused this revolution with its corrupt ways oversees the transitional period,” said Ziad al-Oleimi, a member of the coalition.
