Mumbai: The city recorded a 21% rise in multi drug-resistant cases (MDR) of tuberculosis (TB) in 2016 and a nearly 9% rise in the overall TB cases in the city.
While the statistics, released by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) show the increasing threat of the disease, it also highlights the improved case detection mechanism and notification. As per the data, 38,667 TB cases were recorded in 2015, which increased to 42,115 in 2016. The MDR cases rose from 3,608 to 4,374 in 2016, out of which 555 were extremely drug-resistant or XDR TB patients. Of the overall TB cases recorded in 2016, 8.6% were paediatric.
Dr. Padmaja Keskar, BMC’s executive health officer, said, “The attitude of people is changing. Instead of hiding the disease, a large number of people now prefer to get treated, which is a good sign.” The officer added that at least 75% doctors from the private sector have started notifying the disease regularly. “The better diagnostic facilities have also improved the case detection,” she added.
Drug-resistant TB
Doctors, however, say that increase in drug-resistant TB cases is something to worry about. This threat has been highlighted in a paper published in Lancet Respiratory Medicine Commission today (Friday), authored by Hinduja Hospital’s chest physician Dr. Zarir Udwadia and consultant microbiologist Dr. Camilla Rodrigues, among other renowned doctors from across the world.
The paper states, “Although tuberculosis control has been effective in some regions of the world, these gains are threatened by the increasing burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis.”
It adds, “XDR tuberculosis has evolved in several tuberculosis-endemic countries to drug-incurable or programmatically incurable tuberculosis [totally drug-resistant]. This poses several challenges similar to those encountered in the pre-chemotherapy era, including the inability to cure tuberculosis, high mortality, and the need for alternative methods to prevent disease transmission.” The paper says that this phenomenon mirrors the increase in antimicrobial resistance across the world and the emergence of other MDR pathogens, like malaria, HIV, and Gram-negative bacteria. “MDR and XDR tuberculosis are associated with high morbidity and substantial mortality, are a threat to health-care workers, prohibitively expensive to treat, and are therefore a serious public health problem.”
Primary drug-resistant
According to pulmonologist Dr. Vikas Oswal, who practices in Govandi, an extremely high risk area for TB in the city, the primary drug-resistant TB infection (wherein people directly get infected with the drug-resistant strain of the bacteria) is a bigger threat looming on us.
“In today’s date, at least 15% drug resistant cases are primary infections. With limited number of medicines, we need to tackle this with better efficiency,” Dr. Oswal said, adding that the scenario in the public health system has changed a lot, for good, over the last few years.
He said, “There are more GeneXpert machines, better cartridges to detect the bacteria and its resistance, and private practitioners are being trained in better TB diagnosis as well.” GeneXpert helps in detecting drug-resistant TB within two hours.
