Water has become one of the most precious resources and not a drop can be wasted. With some far-sighted planning, you can ensure your kitchen garden stays healthy and productive through the dry months. A rain water harvesting system should be an essential addition in every household — with or without a garden. To compound this, it is sensible to adopt ecologically compliant gardening practices that utilise every drop of water efficiently.
1. Drip irrigation and deep soaking: Water less frequently but drench the plants with enough moisture to keep them going till the next watering. This can be managed most efficiently with a drip irrigation system that will supply water directly to the roots. This method of irrigation can be used in urban terrace gardens, small or larger garden spaces, and can cut down water consumption by half. A timer connected to the system will even water the plants when you are away.
2. Mulching: A layer of mixed organic matter — crushed leaves, twigs, grass cuttings — should be spread thickly at the base of plants and trees. This is an invaluable garden practice with many benefits. The mulch will deter weeds and also prevent evaporation, thus preserving the moisture in the soil. Additionally, the organic matter will decompose in time and enrich the soil.
3. Soil Improvement: By improving your soil, you will be enhancing its water-holding capacity. This can be best achieved if the soil is periodically enriched with organic matter which improves soil structure, as it creates favourable living conditions for beneficial organisms.
Illustration for Lathika George's Kitchen Garden column
4. Plant closely: In extremely dry areas, dense planting can be confined to a small area; this method reduces water consumption and the need for frequent watering. Plant a range of crops that will grow well together in a limited space. A study of companion planting will help identify mutually beneficial plants. This method has even been known to increase production if the soil is well mulched and enriched.
5. Look for local methods of water saving, especially in the farms in your region. Some of these simple ingenious methods can be economical as well as effective.
6. Choose local native plants for your permanent garden. If you live in a particularly dry region — choose plants and trees with low water requirements.
7. Recycling greywater: The laundry, bath water and dishwater used in a home can be effectively recycled for use in the garden. One of the best methods of treating greywater is a small or medium size ‘reed bed’. The water is allowed to pass through an artificial pond with marsh plants and reeds; these plants have microorganisms that filter the water which can then be utilised in the garden.
8. Water when it is cool: Early mornings or evenings after sunset are the best times to water your plants. This will reduce water loss from evaporation in extreme heat.
